{"id":107466,"date":"2018-03-11T10:31:49","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/phylogeography-and-non-invasive-landscape-genetics-of-the-european-pine-marten-martes-martes-l-1758-insights-into-ancient-and-contemporary-processes-shaping-genetic-variation\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:31:49","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:31:49","slug":"phylogeography-and-non-invasive-landscape-genetics-of-the-european-pine-marten-martes-martes-l-1758-insights-into-ancient-and-contemporary-processes-shaping-genetic-variation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/ecologia-animal\/phylogeography-and-non-invasive-landscape-genetics-of-the-european-pine-marten-martes-martes-l-1758-insights-into-ancient-and-contemporary-processes-shaping-genetic-variation\/","title":{"rendered":"Phylogeography and non-invasive landscape genetics of the european pine marten (martes martes l. 1758): insights into ancient and contemporary processes shaping genetic variation"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Aritz Ruiz Gonzalez <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Abstract understanding the physical and temporal factors that structure populations is essential to their conservation and management. The main objective of this thesis is to identify ancient and contemporary processes shaping genetic variation of the forest dwelling european pine marten (martes martes l. 1758), trough two distinct disciplines: phylogeography (i.E combination of phylogenetics and biogeography) and landscape genetics (i.E combination of population genetics and landscape ecology). Firstly, this thesis reviews the intraspecific phylogenetic, population genetic, and landscape genetic studies conducted on the 8 recognized martes species populations; discusses commonalities found across the species in terms of habitats deemed important for connectivity; and identifies knowledge gaps for understanding movement and substructure. Secondly, we investigated the phylogeographic pattern of the european pine marten, providing new insights into the cryptic northern glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization of europe as well as into genetic relationships between m. Martes and m. Zibellina. Thirdly, in order to understand how landscape and environmental features influence population genetic structure, non-invasive genetic sampling (i.E sampling genetic material without disturbing the target species) of faeces in combination with landscape genetics methods have been used for the study of this rare and elusive species. For the consecution of this objective we initially designed and applied a non-invasive species identification method to asses the distribution of sympatric martens from fecal dna (m. Martes and m. Foina) and thereafter, by means of microsatellite analysis we investigated the spatial genetic structure of the pine marten inhabiting a fragmented landscape. Bayesian spatial and non-spatial models allowed us to detect several populations with genetic discontinuities being associated to human induced landscape transformations (i.E. Urban areas, road networks and forest fragmentation processes). Finally, we evaluated the influence of several landscape features on pine marten gene flow within a regional ecological network (basque country, spain) through individual-based least-cost distance gis analysis. Our results confirmed the validity of the designed corridors and the need to keep taking them into account in land use planning. Besides, we identified areas of intensive agriculture and the major road networks as landscape features which limit pine marten gene flow. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a gis modeled ecological network has been evaluated through a landscape genetics approach. keywords: phylogeography, landscape genetics; non-invasive genetic sampling; martes martes     resumen el estudio de los factores f\u00edsicos y temporales que influyen en los procesos de estructuraci\u00f3n poblacional resulta esencial para una adecuada gesti\u00f3n y conservaci\u00f3n de las especies. El principal objetivo de esta tesis es identificar los procesos hist\u00f3ricos y contempor\u00e1neos que han determinado la distribuci\u00f3n actual de la variaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica de una especie eminentemente forestal como la marta europea (martes martes l. 1758) a trav\u00e9s de dos disciplinas: la filogeograf\u00eda (i.E. La combinaci\u00f3n de la filogenia y la biogeograf\u00eda) y la gen\u00e9tica del paisaje (i.E. La combinaci\u00f3n de la gen\u00e9tica de poblaciones y la ecolog\u00eda del paisaje). En primer lugar, esta tesis hace una revisi\u00f3n exhaustiva de los diferentes estudios llevados a cabo en las 8 especies del g\u00e9nero martes en lo concerniente a las filogenias intra-espec\u00edficas, la gen\u00e9tica de poblaciones y la gen\u00e9tica del paisaje; discute los patrones generales detectados en las diferentes especies en relaci\u00f3n a los h\u00e1bitats considerados de especial relevancia para la conectividad; e identifica las principales lagunas de conocimiento en lo que respecta a la comprensi\u00f3n de los patrones dispersivos y la sub-estructuraci\u00f3n poblacional. En segundo lugar, investigamos el patr\u00f3n filogeogr\u00e1fico de la marta europea aportando nuevas evidencias sobre la existencia de refugios cr\u00edpticos m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las pen\u00ednsulas mediterr\u00e1neas; sobre los procesos de recolonizaci\u00f3n post-glacial de europa as\u00ed como acerca de las relaciones gen\u00e9ticas entre m. Martes y m. Zibellina. En tercer lugar, la aplicaci\u00f3n de t\u00e9cnicas moleculares en muestras noinvasivas (i.E la obtenci\u00f3n de material gen\u00e9tico sin necesidad de capturar o interferir con la especie objetivo) en combinaci\u00f3n con m\u00e9todos de gen\u00e9tica del paisaje nos permiti\u00f3 el estudio de una especie rara y elusiva con el objetivo de comprender los factores ambientales y territoriales que influyen sobre su distribuci\u00f3n y sobre la estructuraci\u00f3n de sus poblaciones. Para ello, se desarroll\u00f3 inicialmente un m\u00e9todo gen\u00e9tico no-invasivo que permiti\u00f3 determinar la distribuci\u00f3n de las especies simp\u00e1tricas del g\u00e9nero martes (m. Martes y m. Foina) a partir del adn extra\u00eddo de muestras fecales y, posteriormente, investigar mediante el uso de marcadores microsat\u00e9lites la estructuraci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica espacial de la marta en un ambiente fragmentado. Los modelos bayesianos espaciales y no-espaciales nos permitieron detectar diferentes poblaciones cuyas discontinuidades gen\u00e9ticas aparecen asociadas a transformaciones paisaj\u00edsticas de car\u00e1cter antropog\u00e9nico (i.E. \u00e1reas urbanas, infraestructuras viarias, y procesos de fragmentaci\u00f3n forestal). Por \u00faltimo, evaluamos la influencia de diferentes variables paisaj\u00edsticas sobre el flujo g\u00e9nico de la marta en el marco de una red ecol\u00f3gica regional (pa\u00eds vasco, espa\u00f1a) mediante la utilizaci\u00f3n de distancias de m\u00ednimo-coste y an\u00e1lisis gis. Nuestros resultados confirmaron la validez de los corredores dise\u00f1ados y por tanto, la necesidad de seguir consider\u00e1ndolos como herramientas \u00fatiles en la planificaci\u00f3n territorial. Adem\u00e1s, identificamos que los elementos paisaj\u00edsticos que limitan mayoritariamente el flujo g\u00e9nico de la marta son las \u00e1reas de agricultura intensiva, las principales infraestructuras viarias as\u00ed como las zonas urbanizadas. Este trabajo es pionero en la evaluaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de un estudio basado en gen\u00e9tica del pasaje, de una red ecol\u00f3gica modelizada mediante gis. palabras clave: filogeograf\u00eda, gen\u00e9tica del paisaje, t\u00e9cnicas moleculares no-invasivas, martes martes   laburpena espezieen kontserbazio eta kudeaketa egokirako, populazioen egituran eragiten duten eragile fisiko eta denborazkoak ikertzea ezinbestekoa da. Tesi honen helburu nagusia, basoko espeziea den lepahoriaren (martes martes l. 1758) gaur egungo aniztasun genetikoaren banaketan eragin duten prozesu historiko eta garaikideak identifikatzea da bi diziplina ezberdinen bidez: filogeografia (i.E. Filogenia eta biogeografiaren konbinazioa) eta paisaiaren genetika (i.E. Populazioen genetika eta paisaiaren ekolog\u00edaren konbinazioa). Lehenik eta behin, tesi honek martes generoko 8 espezieen filogenia intraespezifikoa, populazioen genetika eta paisaiaren genetika arloetan gauzatu diren ikerketak berrikusi; espezie ezberdinetan konektibitaterako garrantzia berezia duten habitatetan antzeman diren patroi orokorrak eztabaidatu eta sakabanatze patroi eta populazioen barne egiturei dagokien ulermen hutsune nagusiak identifikatzen ditu. Bestalde, lepahori europarraren patroi filogeografikoa ikertuz, mediterranear penintsulakoez gain babesleku kriptikoen existentziaren ebidentziak, europako glaziazio ondorengo birkolonizazio prozesuak zein m. Martes eta m. Zibellina arteko erlazio genetikoei buruzko ekarpenak egin ditugu. Teknika molekular ez inbaditzaileen  (i.E. Material genetikoa eskuratu espeziea harrapatu edo oztopatu gabe) eta paisaiaren genetika metodoen konbinazioaren erabilera, espezie arraro eta sahieskorren ikerketa egokiak burutzeko eraginkorra da. Teknika hauek, populazioen egituraketan eragiten duten ingurune eta lurralde eragileak ulertzea ahalbidetzen dute. Ondorioz, helburu hau lortzeko lehenik martes generoko (m. Martes eta m. Foina) espezie sinpatrikoen banaketa zehazten duen metodo genetiko ez inbaditzailea garatu zen. Ondoren, mikrosatelite markatzaileen bidez, lepahoriak ingurune zatikatuan duen egitura genetiko espaziala ikertu zen. Modelo bayesiano espazial eta ez espazialek, populazio desberdinetan etenaldi genetikoa izaera antropogenikoa duen paisaiaren eraldaketarekin (i.E. Bide azpiegiturak eta basoko zatiketa prozesuak)  loturik dagoela antzematea ahalbidetu dute. Azkenik, eskualde mailako sare ekologiko batean (euskal autonomia erkidegoa, espainia) eta distantzia kostu minimoak eta sig azterketa erabiliz, lepahoriaren fluxu genikoan aldagai paisajistiko ezberdinek duten eragina aztertu genuen. Gure emaitzek, diseinatutako korridoreen balioa berretsi eta lurralde planifikazioetan tresna baliagarri moduan aintzakotzat hartzen jarraitzea beharrezkoa dela baieztatzen dute. Horretaz gain, nekazaritza intentsiboa, bide azpiegitura nagusiak eta gune urbanizatuak, lepahoriaren fluxu genikoa mugatzen duten elementu paisajistiko nagusiak direla identifikatu genuen. Lan hau, paisaiaren genetikan oinarritutako ikerketa baten bidez sig bitartez modelizatutako sare ekologiko baten azterketan aitzindaria da. gako-hitzak: filogeografia, paisaiaren genetika, teknika molekular ez inbaditzaileak, martes martes<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Phylogeography and non-invasive landscape genetics of the european pine marten (martes martes l. 1758): insights into ancient and contemporary processes shaping genetic variation<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Phylogeography and non-invasive landscape genetics of the european pine marten (martes martes l. 1758): insights into ancient and contemporary processes shaping genetic variation <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Aritz Ruiz Gonzalez <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Pa\u00eds vasco\/euskal herriko unibertsitatea<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 18\/03\/2011<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  Jose Madeira Garcia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: Jos\u00e9 Luis Telleria Jorge <\/li>\n<li>paulo celio Pereira martins alves (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>isabel Barja nu\u00f1ez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>michael k. Schwartz (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Aritz Ruiz Gonzalez Abstract understanding the physical and temporal factors that structure populations is essential to their [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10242,976,1820,10760,12909],"tags":[215846,40756,4002,122687,215848,215847],"class_list":["post-107466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biogeografia","category-ecologia-animal","category-genetica-de-poblaciones","category-mamiferos","category-pais-vasco-euskal-herriko-unibertsitatea","tag-aritz-ruiz-gonzalez","tag-isabel-barja-nunez","tag-jose-luis-telleria-jorge","tag-maria-jose-madeira-garcia","tag-michael-k-schwartz","tag-paulo-celio-pereira-martins-alves"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107466\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}