{"id":113998,"date":"2018-03-11T10:41:48","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:41:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/effects-of-flow-regulation-land-use-changes-and-temperature-on-stream-ecosystem-functioning\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:41:48","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:41:48","slug":"effects-of-flow-regulation-land-use-changes-and-temperature-on-stream-ecosystem-functioning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/limnologia\/effects-of-flow-regulation-land-use-changes-and-temperature-on-stream-ecosystem-functioning\/","title":{"rendered":"Effects of flow regulation, land-use changes and temperature on stream ecosystem functioning"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tesis doctoral de Aingeru Martinez Gomez <\/strong><\/h2>\n

The central idea of this thesis is that environmental factors, most of them modulated by human activities, can affect structural and functional properties of headwater forested streams. We focused the thesis on three specific impacts or variables: 1) flow regulation by small surface release dams, 2) land-use changes related to pine plantations and 3) temperature. We tried to test if these factors can condition decomposition of organic matter (functioning), assessed through the study of leaf-litter processing experiments, and biotic communities (structure), with special emphasis on the study of macroinvertebrates and aquatic hyphomycetes.In the first chapter we observed that flow regulation changed the trophic structure of the macroinvertebrate communities, being detritus consumers, mainly shredders, principally affected. This alteration helped to explain the affection on leaf-litter decomposition and was related to a reduction of the trait diversity of shredders. In the second chapter we ratified that regardless of the stream, nitrogen content of leaf-litter was observed to be able to stimulate the processing rates of leaves. This suggested that detritus quality can determine the structure of the community of consumers. We tested this idea in the third chapter in which we focused on the effects of pine plantations on macroinvertebrate communities and leaf-litter decomposition. The replacement of native deciduous forest by pine plantations altered the structure of macroinvertebrate community, being shredders the most affected, with lower richness, diversity and density in streams under monocultures. This affection helped explain the reduced leaf-litter processing capability of pine streams.In the fourth chapter we specifically addressed the differences in body mass distribution between streams receiving native deciduous leaves and pine needles. We ratified that body size distribution of shredders was altered by the difference in resource inputs, being the smallest individuals more affected than the biggest ones. We attribute this difference to a single trait, pine needles toughness, which can limit the accessibility of small individuals to this resource.Finally, in the fifth chapter, we tested the effects of temperature on leaf litter decomposition mediated by microbial activity and on the performance of fungal assemblages colonizing the material in streams. The temperature enhanced leaf-litter processing rates and influenced spore production. Moreover, the fungal assemblages differed among temperature regimes, being the assemblages adapted to cold environments the most affected by the temperature variation.This thesis proves that the studied modifications of environmental factors alter forested stream functioning due to changes in structure and\/or activity of biotic communities.La idea central de esta tesis es que los factores ambientales, la mayor\u00eda de ellos modulados por actividades humanas, pueden afectar las propiedades estructurales y funcionales de los r\u00edos forestados de cabecera. La tesis se centra en tres impactos o variable: 1) la regulaci\u00f3n fluvial por peque\u00f1as presas, 2) cambios en el uso del suelo relacionados con las plantaciones de pino y 3) la temperatura. Intentamos evaluar si estos factores pueden condicionar la descomposici\u00f3n de materia org\u00e1nica (funcionamiento), a trav\u00e9s del estudio de experimentos de procesado de hojarasca, y comunidades bi\u00f3ticas (estructura), con especial \u00e9nfasis en el estudio de macroinvertebrados e hifomicetos acu\u00e1ticos.En el primer cap\u00edtulo observamos que la regulaci\u00f3n fluvial altera la estructura tr\u00f3fica de las comunidades de invertebrados, siendo los consumidores de detritus los m\u00e1s afectados. Esta alteraci\u00f3n ayuda a explicar la afecci\u00f3n sobre la descomposici\u00f3n de la hojarasca. En el segundo cap\u00edtulo ratificamos que la calidad de la hojarasca, indicada por la concentraci\u00f3n de nitr\u00f3geno, controla el procesado de hojarasca en r\u00edo, a trav\u00e9s de la diferente colonizaci\u00f3n de los fragmentadores, siendo m\u00e1s determinante de la tasa de descomposici\u00f3n que la variabilidad de los factores entre r\u00edos. Esto sugiere que la calidad del detritus puede determinar la estructura de la comunidad de consumidores. Esta idea fue evaluada en el tercer cap\u00edtulo, el cual se centraba en los efectos de las plantaciones de pino sobre las comunidades de invertebrados y la descomposici\u00f3n de la hojarasca. Estas plantaciones alteran la estructura de las comunidades de invertebrados, siendo los fragmentadores los m\u00e1s afectados. Esta afecci\u00f3n ayuda a explicar la reducci\u00f3n de la capacidad descomponedora de los r\u00edos bajo pinares. En el cap\u00edtulo cuarto se estudi\u00f3 las diferencias en la distribuci\u00f3n de tama\u00f1os de los invertebrados entre r\u00edos que reciben hojas nativas caducifolias y los que reciben ac\u00edculas de pino. Se ratific\u00f3 que la distribuci\u00f3n de tama\u00f1os de los fragmentadores estaba alterada por las diferencias en las entradas del recurso, siendo los organismos de menor tama\u00f1o los m\u00e1s afectados. Estas diferencias fueron atribuidas a la dureza de las ac\u00edculas de pino, la cual limita el acceso de los organismos m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os a este recurso. Finalmente, en el quinto cap\u00edtulo, se evaluaron los efectos de la temperatura sobre la descomposici\u00f3n de la hojarasca mediada por la actividad microbiana y sobre la estructura de las comunidades de hifomicetos acu\u00e1ticos que colonizan la hojarasca. La temperatura potenci\u00f3 la tasa de procesado de la hojarasca e influenci\u00f3 la producci\u00f3n de esporas. Adem\u00e1s, las comunidades f\u00fangicas difer\u00edan entre reg\u00edmenes t\u00e9rmicos, siendo las comunidades adaptadas a los ambientes m\u00e1s fr\u00edos las m\u00e1s afectadas por el aumento de la temperatura.Esta tesis prueba que las modificaciones de los factores ambientales estudiadas alteran el funcionamiento del ecosistema fluvial debido a cambios en la estructura y\/o actividad de las comunidades bi\u00f3ticas.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00abEffects of flow regulation, land-use changes and temperature on stream ecosystem functioning<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Effects of flow regulation, land-use changes and temperature on stream ecosystem functioning <\/li>\n
  • Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Aingeru Martinez Gomez <\/li>\n
  • Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Pa\u00eds vasco\/euskal herriko unibertsitatea<\/li>\n
  • Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 22\/03\/2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n
        \n
      • Aitor Larra\u00f1aga Arrizabalaga<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Tribunal<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • Presidente del tribunal: estanislao De Luis calabuig <\/li>\n
        • rui Manuel Vitor cortes (vocal)<\/li>\n
        • carmen Casado sancho (vocal)<\/li>\n
        • Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Casas jim\u00e9nez (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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