{"id":114185,"date":"2018-03-11T10:42:05","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/factores-que-afectan-al-proceso-de-criopreservacion-de-los-espermatozoides-humanos\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:42:05","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:42:05","slug":"factores-que-afectan-al-proceso-de-criopreservacion-de-los-espermatozoides-humanos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/fisiologia-humana\/factores-que-afectan-al-proceso-de-criopreservacion-de-los-espermatozoides-humanos\/","title":{"rendered":"Factores que afectan al proceso de criopreservaci\u00f3n de los espermatozoides humanos"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Juan  Carlos Martinez Soto <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen   objetivo: el objetivo de la presente tesis  doctoral, por compendio de  publicaciones, es el estudio de diversos factores que influyen en el resultado de proceso de congelaci\u00f3n-descongelaci\u00f3n de espermatozoides. Por un lado, estudiamos factores que no dependen directamente de las caracter\u00edsticas propias de la muestra, es decir, son factores extr\u00ednsecos como son el protocolo de descongelaci\u00f3n (estudio 1) y la adici\u00f3n de sustancias antioxidantes a los medios de descongelaci\u00f3n (estudio 2).  Por otro lado  se analizan una serie de factores que podemos clasificar de intr\u00ednsecos de la muestra, como son la composici\u00f3n en \u00e1cidos grasos o la capacidad antioxidante del plasma seminal y que determinan en parte el \u00e9xito de la congelaci\u00f3n (estudio 3). metodolog\u00eda: en el primer estudio evaluamos un protocolo en el que se produce una r\u00e1pida diluci\u00f3n de la muestra congelada. Para ello introducimos la muestra en el medio de descongelaci\u00f3n a 37\u00c2\u00bac durante 20 minutos y lo comparamos con el m\u00e9todo habitual  de descongelaci\u00f3n que utilizamos que consiste en mantener la muestra durante 10 minutos a temperatura ambiente y  posterior incubaci\u00f3n a 37\u00c2\u00bac otros 10 minutos antes de a\u00f1adir el medio de descongelaci\u00f3n. en el segundo trabajo estudiamos los efectos que provoca la adici\u00f3n de geniste\u00edna, a concentraciones de (0, 1 y 10 \u00c2\u00b5mol l -1)  tanto al medio de congelaci\u00f3n como al de descongelaci\u00f3n. en el tercer trabajo  determinamos, mediante cromatograf\u00eda liquida de alta resoluci\u00f3n (hplc), la composici\u00f3n en \u00e1cidos grasos tanto del plasma seminal como de los espermatozoides. Tambi\u00e9n evaluamos, mediante espectrofotometr\u00eda, la capacidad antioxidante total (tac) del plasma seminal. Estudiamos la posible relaci\u00f3n  de estos par\u00e1metros con la calidad esperm\u00e1tica de la muestra, tanto antes como despu\u00e9s del proceso de congelaci\u00f3n-descongelaci\u00f3n. resultados: al descongelar las muestras seminales mediante inmersi\u00f3n en medio a 37\u00c2\u00bac observamos una mejora estad\u00edsticamente significativa en determinados par\u00e1metros cin\u00e9ticos como el porcentaje de espermatozoides con movilidad r\u00e1pida y progresiva, as\u00ed como una menor proporci\u00f3n de espermatozoides con alteraci\u00f3n en el acrosoma y una menor condensaci\u00f3n en su cromatina. Igualmente, con este m\u00e9todo de descongelaci\u00f3n se detecta un incremento en el porcentaje de espermatozoides viables que presentaban un bajo desorden lip\u00eddico.  la genisteina a concentraciones de (10 \u00c2\u00b5mol l-1) tiene efectos antioxidantes que limitan o contrarrestan la generaci\u00f3n de agentes reactivos de ox\u00edgeno (ros). Por lo que  la adici\u00f3n de genisteina al medio de descongelaci\u00f3n va a originar una ligera mejora en la motilidad esperm\u00e1tica as\u00ed como una reducci\u00f3n en la fragmentaci\u00f3n del adn. Por otra parte se observa un menor desorden lip\u00eddico en los espermatozoides descongelados mediante la adici\u00f3n de esta sustancia.  en el tercer estudio observamos una correlaci\u00f3n positiva entre \u00e1cidos grasos poliinsaturados (pufas), en especial los \u00e1cidos omega 3, con la motilidad y viabilidad de los espermatozoides. De igual manera encontramos una relaci\u00f3n entre la composici\u00f3n de \u00e1cido docosahexanoico (dha) y de \u00e1cido este\u00e1rico (c18:0) en plasma seminal con la motilidad de los espermatozoides antes y despu\u00e9s de congelar. La capacidad antioxidante total (tac) en plasma seminal se relaciona directamente con las concentraciones de \u00e1cidos grasos poliinsaturados (pufa). Tambi\u00e9n observamos  una estrecha relaci\u00f3n de este par\u00e1metro con la motilidad de la muestra descongelada. conclusiones: con estos trabajos hemos demostrado que la modificaci\u00f3n de ciertos factores extr\u00ednsecos ocasiona mejoras estad\u00edsticamente significativas en la congelaci\u00f3n &#8211; descongelaci\u00f3n de espermatozoides. A la vez hemos puesto de manifiesto la existencia de factores intr\u00ednsecos de la muestra que determinan el resultado de la criopreservaci\u00f3n. As\u00ed encontramos que la composici\u00f3n de los \u00e1cidos grasos en la membrana de los espermatozoides est\u00e1 estrechamente relacionada con la calidad seminal tanto antes como tras la congelaci\u00f3n-descongelaci\u00f3n.     summary objective: in the current study, we have analyzed several factors and its influence the result of freeze-thawing spermatozoa. We study factors that are not directly dependent on the characteristics of the sample, extrinsic factors. These factors studied are thawing protocol (study 1) and the addition of antioxidants to the media (study 2). In the third study we have analyzed intrinsic factors to the sample, such as fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma that could predict the success of the freeze. methodology: in the first study, we evaluated the effects of a novel thawing methodology on sperm function after cryopreservation versus traditional protocols. Samples were immersed directly in thawing medium at 37\u00c2\u00bac for 20 minutes versus 10 minutes in air at room temperature and subsequently 10 minutes at 37\u00c2\u00bac. This procedure leads to a higher rate of temperature increase and a dilution of the glycerol present in the freezing medium.  in the second study, we evaluated the effects of genistein supplementation (0, 1 y 10 \u00c2\u00b5mol l-1 )   in freezing and thawing extender on frozen and thawed human semen parameters. Genistein is an isoflavone with antioxidant properties and inhibits protein tyrosine kinases.  in the third study, we analyzed, by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), the fatty acid composition of both the seminal plasma and sperm. We used spectrophotometry methods to evaluated total antioxidant capacity (tac) of seminal plasma. The relationships between fatty acid composition and tac sperm quality, measured in terms of viability and motility, before and after freezing-thawing were analyzed. results: sperm thawing with this alternative method present higher viability, an improved in motility parameter and less acrosome damage. We also detected an increase in the percentage of viable spermatozoa with low membrane lipid disorder and a reduction in chromatin condensation.   we have confirmed that the isoflavone genistein has antioxidant effects and decrease the membrane lipid disorder and dna damage caused by cryopreservation. Reduction in ros production as well as a slight improvement in motility parameters is other effects caused by the use of this isoflavone. we found a significantly positively correlated between polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas), ?3 pufas in special docosahexaenoic acid (dha) in sperm with sperm viability and motility parameters before and after freezing. motility parameters before and after freezing were related to stearic acid (c18:0) and dha in seminal plasma. Total antioxidant capacity in seminal plasma was directly related to pufas and motion parameters after thawing.  conclusions: in this doctoral thesis we have found that modification of extrinsic factors could improve sperm functionality in cryopreservation process. Also, we have shown that intrinsic factors could be able to predict the outcome of cryopreservation. New studies should be included randomized and controlled trials, in order to test whether these changes in addition to statistical significance have clinical significance. We have found that the composition of fatty acids in the sperm membrane is closely related to sperm quality both before and after freezing and thawing.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Factores que afectan al proceso de criopreservaci\u00f3n de los espermatozoides humanos<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Factores que afectan al proceso de criopreservaci\u00f3n de los espermatozoides humanos <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Juan  Carlos Martinez Soto <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 23\/05\/2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Joaquin Jeronimo Gadea Mateos<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: Juan Alvarez gonz\u00e1lez <\/li>\n<li>nicol\u00e1s Garrido puchalt (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda Elena Sell\u00e9s soriano (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>felipe Mart\u00ednez pastor (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Juan Carlos Martinez Soto Resumen objetivo: el objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral, por compendio de publicaciones, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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