{"id":114592,"date":"2018-03-11T10:42:42","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/estrategias-para-la-recuperacion-de-suelos-degradados-en-ambientes-semiaridos-adicion-de-dosis-elevadas-de-residuos-organicos-de-origen-urbano-y-su-implicacion-en-la-fijacion-de-carbono\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:42:42","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:42:42","slug":"estrategias-para-la-recuperacion-de-suelos-degradados-en-ambientes-semiaridos-adicion-de-dosis-elevadas-de-residuos-organicos-de-origen-urbano-y-su-implicacion-en-la-fijacion-de-carbono","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/agronomia\/estrategias-para-la-recuperacion-de-suelos-degradados-en-ambientes-semiaridos-adicion-de-dosis-elevadas-de-residuos-organicos-de-origen-urbano-y-su-implicacion-en-la-fijacion-de-carbono\/","title":{"rendered":"Estrategias para la recuperaci\u00f3n de suelos degradados en ambientes semi\u00e1ridos: adici\u00f3n de dosis elevadas de residuos org\u00e1nicos de origen urbano y su implicaci\u00f3n en la fijaci\u00f3n de carbono"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Encarnacion Garcia Lucas <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>El incremento en la generaci\u00f3n de residuos, especialmente de residuos org\u00e1nicos urbanos, es un problema que demanda una inmediata soluci\u00f3n. Por otro lado, otro problema de igual importancia es el alto nivel de degradaci\u00f3n existente en extensas \u00e1reas de espa\u00f1a y de la zona sureste de europa, debido principalmente a una agresiva actividad humana llevada a cabo durante a\u00f1os, lo cual debe ser a\u00f1adido a la climatolog\u00eda adversa (semi\u00e1rida) que padecen estas zonas.  el factor clave en la degradaci\u00f3n es el bajo nivel de materia org\u00e1nica que presentan estos suelos. Dado que en extensas zonas de espa\u00f1a y otros pa\u00edses europeos, en particular en los del sur de europa, las fuentes tradicionales de materia org\u00e1nica (turba y el esti\u00e9rcol) son escasas, la pregunta, de gran inter\u00e9s, que surge es si ambos problemas, degradaci\u00f3n de suelos y generaci\u00f3n de residuos org\u00e1nicos, pueden ser tratados en conjunto. M\u00e1s particularmente, la idea ser\u00eda utilizar la materia org\u00e1nica contenida en los residuos org\u00e1nicos como fuente de materia org\u00e1nica del suelo, en particular aquella contenida en los residuos org\u00e1nicos urbanos (lodos de depuradora y los residuos org\u00e1nicos de origen dom\u00e9stico), ya que son baratos y frecuentes en el suministro.  el objetivo ser\u00eda mejorar la calidad y fertilidad del suelo al tiempo que se eliminan los residuos org\u00e1nicos de una manera racional y respetuosa con el medio ambiente. Esta estrategia  favorecer\u00eda, al mismo tiempo, el secuestro de carbono mediante el aumento de la reserva de carbono estable en el suelo, ayudando a mitigar los efectos negativos derivados de las emisiones de co2 a la atm\u00f3sfera. para tal fin se han estudiado los efectos producidos por la aplicaci\u00f3n de la fracci\u00f3n org\u00e1nica de basura dom\u00e9stica sin compostar y de un compost obtenido a partir de una mezcla de lodos de depuraci\u00f3n de aguas residuales urbanas y de la fracci\u00f3n org\u00e1nica de la basura dom\u00e9stica en dos diferentes dosis: una dosis que puede ser considerada como &quot;normal-media&quot; para recuperaci\u00f3n de suelos (150 t\/ha), equivalente a 1% de corg, y otra dosis &quot;alta-muy alta&quot; (450 t\/ha), equivalente a 3% de corg.  Tanto en un experimento de campo como en un experimento a nivel de microcosmos bajo condiciones controladas, usando en ambos casos un suelo degradado de la zona del sudeste espa\u00f1ol.  la metodolog\u00eda empleada ha consistido en realizar en los tres experimentos llevados a cabo un seguimiento de las parcelas, monitorizando diversos par\u00e1metros f\u00edsicos, qu\u00edmicos, f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicos, microbiol\u00f3gicos y bioqu\u00edmicos as\u00ed como par\u00e1metros espec\u00edficos indicadores de las comunidades microbianas del suelo, tales como los perfiles de fame y ensayos de biolog, tanto en los suelos enmendados como en los suelos control. Tambi\u00e9n se ha profundizado en el estudio de la composici\u00f3n y estructura de los \u00e1cidos h\u00famicos (ah) (las t\u00e9cnicas empleadas en este estudiado han sido la resonancia magn\u00e9tico nuclear de c13 (cpmas-13c-nmr), junto con la espectroscopia de infrarrojo con transformada de fourier (ft-ir)), as\u00ed como de las enzimas inmovilizadas en estos \u00e1cidos, presentes en los suelos semi\u00e1ridos enmendados y sin enmendar. como conclusi\u00f3n a este trabajo de investigaci\u00f3n se puede decir que los suelos semi\u00e1ridos degradados son capaces de admitir grandes cantidades de residuos org\u00e1nicos urbanos sin da\u00f1o para el crecimiento y la actividad microbiana del suelo o de riesgo para el medio ambiente, siempre que tales residuos urbanos org\u00e1nicos tengan suficiente calidad. Estas enmiendas pueden mejorar la calidad de los suelos suponiendo una mejora en sus condiciones f\u00edsicas, qu\u00edmicas, microbiol\u00f3gicas y bioqu\u00edmicas, aportando sustancias h\u00famicas capaces de inmovilizar enzimas, colaborando en la reactivaci\u00f3n y mejora de los procesos de la vida del suelo, y contribuyendo al incremento del pool de c estable en el suelo.  the increase in the generation of waste, especially organic waste, is a problem that demands an immediate solution. Furthermore, the high level of degradation in large areas of spain and southeastern europe resulting from years of aggressive human activity and adverse weather conditions (semi-arid) is another equally significant problem. the low level of organic matter in these soils is the key factor in their degradation. The fact that in extensive areas in spain and in other european countries, particularly in southern europe, the traditional sources of organic matter (peat and manure) are scarce raises an interesting question: can both problems, degradation and the generation of organic waste, be treated together? In an attempt to respond to this question, the idea in this study is to use the organic matter contained in organic waste as a source of soil organic matter, particularly the organic matter contained in municipal organic waste (sewage sludge and organic waste from households), as this is inexpensive and in ready supply. the goal is to improve the quality and fertility of the soil and simultaneously eliminate organic waste in a rational and environmentally friendly manner. At the same time, this strategy promotes carbon sequestration by increasing the stable carbon reserves in the soil, helping to mitigate the negative effects of co2 emissions in the atmosphere. to reach these objectives, we studied the effects of applying both the organic fraction of household waste without composting and compost obtained from a mixture of sewage sludge from municipal wastewater and the organic fraction of household waste at two different doses: one dose that can be considered &quot;normal-average&quot; for soil recovery (150 t\/ha), equivalent to 1% of corg, and another dose that can be considered &quot;high-very high&quot; (450 t\/ha), equivalent to 3% of corg,  both in the field experiment and at the microcosm level under controlled conditions. In both cases, degraded soil from southeastern spain was used.  the methodology used involved developing the three experiments carried out monitoring of the plots. Various physical, chemical, physico-chemical, microbiological and biochemical parameters were tracked both in amended and control soils, in addition to specific parameters which are indicators of soil microbial communities. Fame profiles and biolog analyses were tracked as well. The composition and structure of humic acids (ha) were also studied in-depth (using c13 nuclear magnetic resonance (cpmas-13c-nmr) together with fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy), as were the composition and structure of immobilized enzymes in these acids found in amended and unamended semi-arid soils. in conclusion to this study, it can be said that degraded semi-arid soils are capable of supporting large quantities of municipal organic waste without causing harm to soil microbial growth and activity or risk to the environment, provided that the municipal organic waste is of sufficient quality. These amendments can improve soil quality, resulting in improvements in the physical, chemical, microbiological and biochemical conditions of the soil, providing humic substances capable of immobilizing enzymes, contributing to the revival and improvement of the processes of soil life and contributing to an increase in the stable c pool in the soil.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Estrategias para la recuperaci\u00f3n de suelos degradados en ambientes semi\u00e1ridos: adici\u00f3n de dosis elevadas de residuos org\u00e1nicos de origen urbano y su implicaci\u00f3n en la fijaci\u00f3n de carbono<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Estrategias para la recuperaci\u00f3n de suelos degradados en ambientes semi\u00e1ridos: adici\u00f3n de dosis elevadas de residuos org\u00e1nicos de origen urbano y su implicaci\u00f3n en la fijaci\u00f3n de carbono <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Encarnacion Garcia Lucas <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 29\/07\/2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Mar\u00eda Teresa Hern\u00e1ndez Fern\u00e1ndez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: simon Navarro garcia <\/li>\n<li>felipe Bastida l\u00f3pez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>concepci\u00f3n Paredes gil (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Luis Moreno ortego (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Encarnacion Garcia Lucas El incremento en la generaci\u00f3n de residuos, especialmente de residuos org\u00e1nicos urbanos, es un 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