{"id":114789,"date":"2018-03-11T10:42:56","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/reciclado-en-suelos-de-lodos-de-refineria-nuevas-aproximaciones-para-la-biodegradacion-de-hidrocarburos-mediante-el-manejo-de-enmiendas-organicas\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:42:56","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:42:56","slug":"reciclado-en-suelos-de-lodos-de-refineria-nuevas-aproximaciones-para-la-biodegradacion-de-hidrocarburos-mediante-el-manejo-de-enmiendas-organicas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/quimica-de-suelos\/reciclado-en-suelos-de-lodos-de-refineria-nuevas-aproximaciones-para-la-biodegradacion-de-hidrocarburos-mediante-el-manejo-de-enmiendas-organicas\/","title":{"rendered":"Reciclado en suelos de lodos de refiner\u00eda: nuevas aproximaciones para la biodegradaci\u00f3n de hidrocarburos mediante el manejo de enmiendas org\u00e1nicas"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Irene Rodriguez Alhama <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen los lodos procedentes de las plantas de refino del petr\u00f3leo, son residuos con una elevada concentraci\u00f3n de hidrocarburos, que son unas mol\u00e9culas altamente t\u00f3xicas para las plantas y los microorganismos e invertebrados que habitan el suelo donde se encuentran, y constituyen un riesgo potencial para la salud. Una de las pr\u00e1cticas de gesti\u00f3n de los mismos ha sido su vertido a suelo en zonas controladas y su posterior tratamiento mediante t\u00e9cnicas de biorremediaci\u00f3n de bajo coste, como son el landfarming y la fitorremediaci\u00f3n, entre otras.  en un suelo, la presencia de hidrocarburos provoca la alteraci\u00f3n e inhibici\u00f3n de la microbiota del suelo. Es esta microbiota la principal encargada de degradar los contaminantes del suelo, por lo que es de vital importancia conocer su estructura a nivel funcional y molecular, para incentivar a las colonias microbianas encargadas de degradar los hidrocarburos y asegurar as\u00ed el \u00e9xito de las t\u00e9cnicas de biorremediaci\u00f3n aplicadas. Para este fin se adicionar\u00e1n enmiendas org\u00e1nicas como son el bios\u00f3lido de depuradora (fresco granulado o compostado), que mejorar\u00e1 las condiciones del suelos para albergar a los microorganismos a la vez que permitir\u00e1 reciclar los bios\u00f3lidos en el suelo. teniendo en cuenta estas premisas, se establece como objetivo general de este trabajo la evaluaci\u00f3n de la eficacia de t\u00e9cnicas de biorremedici\u00f3n tales como el landfarming y la fitorremediaci\u00f3n cuando se emplean en suelos semi\u00e1ridos contaminados con hidrocarburos (procedentes de lodos de refiner\u00eda), como de la utilidad de la adici\u00f3n a estos suelos de bios\u00f3lidos (frescos o compostados) como estrategia para incrementar la eficacia de estos procesos de descontaminaci\u00f3n, consiguiendo acortar los tiempos necesarios para la degradaci\u00f3n de dichos hidrocarburos y una mayor degradaci\u00f3n de los m\u00e1s recalcitrantes. Tambi\u00e9n se plante\u00f3 como objetivo, profundizar en el conocimiento de  la estructura y funcionalidad de la comunidad microbiana de estos suelos. metodolog\u00eda durante los ensayos realizados en este trabajo de tesis se analizar\u00e1n algunos factores f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicos, principalmente el tipo de horizonte y su profundidad, aireaci\u00f3n, ph, presencia de metales pesados y sales, condiciones ambientales (temperatura y hmnedad), contenido de nutrientes y materia org\u00e1nica, y otros factores biol\u00f3gicos como la presencia de microorganismos y la adaptaci\u00f3n de estos microorganismos al medio contaminado con los hidrocarburos a trav\u00e9s de t\u00e9cnicas moleculares independientes de cultivo (pcr, dgge, secuenciaci\u00f3n del adn). El perfil fisiol\u00f3gico para la utilizaci\u00f3n de las distintas fuentes de c de las comunidades microbianas se realiz\u00f3 mediante la tecnolog\u00eda biolog-clpps. como conclusi\u00f3n general de esta memoria de tesis doctoral podemos decir que el uso de landfarming, seguido de fitorremediaci\u00f3n, como t\u00e9cnicas complementarias de biorremediaci\u00f3n, resulta eficaz para el tratamiento de suelos con hidrocarburos recalcitrantes procedentes del reciclado en los mismos de lodos de refiner\u00eda. Adem\u00e1s, la adici\u00f3n de enmiendas org\u00e1nicas, en particular bios\u00f3lido granulado y compost de bios\u00f3lido, mejora la eficacia de estas t\u00e9cnicas debido principalmente, al aporte de fuentes carbonadas al suelo que incentivan el desarrollo de las poblaciones microbianas aut\u00f3ctonas del mismo, adaptadas a la presencia del hidrocarburo y por tanto responsables de la metabolizaci\u00f3n del mismo, con la consecuente reducci\u00f3n de su presencia en los suelos tratados. Hemos comprobado, asimismo, que la presencia de hidrocarburos en el suelo y el proceso de landfarming con y sin enmienda, tiene un efecto potenciador de la actividad microbiana del suelo en general, que ha sido revelado por la medida de algunos par\u00e1metros bioindicadores de la calidad microbiol\u00f3gica del suelo como la actividad deshidrogenasa, algunas actividades hidrolasas, atp, etc., Tambi\u00e9n afecta a la diversidad microbiana de estos suelos siendo las actinobacterias y miembros ascomycota los principales grupos bacterianos y f\u00fangicos, respectivamente, responsables de la metabolizaci\u00f3n de los hidrocarburos recalcitrantes presentes en el suelo.  summary refinery sludge originates as a residue with a high concentration of hydrocarbons. One of the most widespread refinery sludge management practices is that of discharging the sludge into the soil in controlled areas and then treating it using inexpensive bioremediation techniques (landfarming). Hydrocarbons are molecules that are highly toxic to plants, microorganisms and invertebrates that live in the soil where the molecules are found. They also pose a potential health risk, which increases when there is greater resistance to hydrocarbon degradation.  one of the main consequences of the presence of hydrocarbons in a particular soil is the inhibition and alteration of the soil microbiota, which plays a key role in breaking down soil contaminants. It is therefore of vital importance to understand the genetic and functional diversity of the microbiota in the soil and to succeed in activating the microbial colonies responsible for degrading hydrocarbons, therefore ensuring the success of the bioremediation techniques applied.  given these assumptions, the general objective of this work is therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of bioremediation techniques like landfarming and phytoremediation when used in semi-arid soils with a high hydrocarbon content (from refinery sludge). The goal is also to assess the utility of adding biosolids (granules or composted) to such soils as a strategy for increasing the efficiency of these bioremediation processes, thus reducing the time required for hydrocarbon degradation and increasing the degradation of the most recalcitrant hydrocarbons. Also is objective in this work, deepen your knowledge of the structure and function of the microbial community of these soils. metodology during assays in this thesis work, it is therefore necessary to monitor these properties by analysing certain physico-chemical factors, mainly the type of horizon and its depth, aeration, ph, the presence of heavy metals and salts, environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), nutrient content and organic matter. It is also necessary to track other biological factors such as the presence of microorganisms and their level of adaptation to the environment with hydrocarbons using molecular techniques independent of cultivation (pcr, dgge, dna sequencing). Furthermore, physiological profiles were analysed using the biolog-clpps method in order to use the different sources of c in the soil microbial communities. as a general conclusion of this thesis memory, we can say that the use of landfarming, followed by phytorremediaci\u00f3n, bioremediation as complementary techniques, effective for the treatment in soil with recalcitrant hydrocarbons for recycling of its of refinery sludge. Also organic amendments addition, including fresh or composting sewage sludge, improve the effectiveness of these techniques, mainly due to the contribution of carbon sources to soil that incentivize the development of aoutochthonous microbial populations,  adapted to the presence of hydrocarbons and therefore responsible for metabolization, and consequently responsible for the reduction of its presesnce in soils treated. we also cheked, that the presence of hydrocarbons in soil and landfarming process with and without amendment, has a potentiating effect on soil microbial activity, has been releaved by some parameters bioindicators of soil microbiological quality as dehydrogenase activity, some hydrolases activity, atp, etc., Also affects microbial activity of theses soils, with the actinobacteria and members ascomycota, major bacterial and fungal groups, respectively, responsible for the metabolism of recalcitrant hydrocarbons present in the soil.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Reciclado en suelos de lodos de refiner\u00eda: nuevas aproximaciones para la biodegradaci\u00f3n de hidrocarburos mediante el manejo de enmiendas org\u00e1nicas<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Reciclado en suelos de lodos de refiner\u00eda: nuevas aproximaciones para la biodegradaci\u00f3n de hidrocarburos mediante el manejo de enmiendas org\u00e1nicas <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Irene Rodriguez Alhama <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 25\/10\/2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Carlos Garc\u00eda Izquierdo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: roque Ortiz silla <\/li>\n<li>angel Faz cano (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>ramon Madrid vicente (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>gonzalo Gonz\u00e1lez barber\u00e1 (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Irene Rodriguez Alhama Resumen los lodos procedentes de las plantas de refino del petr\u00f3leo, son residuos con 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