{"id":114832,"date":"2013-08-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-08-11T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2013-08-11T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-08-11T00:00:00","slug":"sobreexpresion-de-genes-en-tomate-y-generacion-de-la%c2%adneas-t-dna-en-la-especie-silvestre-solanun-pennellii-para-identificar-determinantes-de-la-tolerancia-al-estres-ha%c2%addrico-y-salinidad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/fisiologia-vegetal\/sobreexpresion-de-genes-en-tomate-y-generacion-de-la%c2%adneas-t-dna-en-la-especie-silvestre-solanun-pennellii-para-identificar-determinantes-de-la-tolerancia-al-estres-ha%c2%addrico-y-salinidad\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobreexpresi\u00f3n de genes en tomate y generaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas t-dna en la especie silvestre solanun pennellii para identificar determinantes de la tolerancia al estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico y salinidad"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Elena Moyano Solera <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen el problema de la salinidad y estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico contin\u00faa incrementando su importancia debido a la escasez cada vez mayor de agua para riego junto a la mala calidad de la disponible. La mejora gen\u00e9tica de las plantas cultivadas para tolerar este tipo de estr\u00e9s abi\u00f3tico puede paliar en parte las consecuencias negativas de este problema. Sin embargo, la tolerancia a los estreses h\u00eddrico y salino es un car\u00e1cter particularmente complejo ya que est\u00e1 compuesto por la interacci\u00f3n de muchos caracteres. Dentro de la secci\u00f3n lycopersicon del g\u00e9nero solanum est\u00e1 incluido el tomate cultivado (solanum lycopersicum) y 12 especies afines m\u00e1s, conocidas como tomates silvestres, con accesiones que presentan una alta tolerancia a estos estreses. La cercan\u00eda filogen\u00e9tica a la especie cultivada, de gran importancia econ\u00f3mica en todo el mundo, hace de estas especies el principal recurso gen\u00e9tico para la mejora de tomate cultivado.  este trabajo se enmarca en un proyecto coordinado entre tres grupos de investigaci\u00f3n pertenecientes a la universidad de almer\u00eda, la universidad polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia y el cebas de murcia,  en el que estamos utilizando dos herramientas gen\u00f3micas (mutag\u00e9nesis insercional y trapping) en tomate y diversas especies silvestres relacionadas para identificar secuencias codificantes o elementos de regulaci\u00f3n de genes implicados en procesos del desarrollo vegetativo (arquitectura de la planta) y reproductivo (flor y fruto), as\u00ed como en salinidad y estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico. objetivos el objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es avanzar en el conocimiento de las bases fisiol\u00f3gicas y gen\u00e9ticas de la tolerancia a la salinidad y estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico en una especie de inter\u00e9s agron\u00f3mico, el tomate.  metodolog\u00eda  se han utilizado dos herramientas biotecnol\u00f3gicas, el an\u00e1lisis funcional de dos genes candidatos y la mutag\u00e9nesis insercional mediante el empleo de una trampa de intensificadores en una especie silvestre relacionada con altos niveles de tolerancia a ambos estreses. En el primer caso, se ha estudiado la respuesta de plantas transg\u00e9nicas de tomate que sobreexpresan un gen implicado en el estr\u00e9s i\u00f3nico inducido por salinidad, el gen hal5, y plantas que expresan un gen implicado en la \u00faltima etapa de la s\u00edntesis de myo-inositol, el gen imp1. Por otra parte se ha empleado un vector que porta una trampa de intensificadores, para identificar mutantes insercionales alterados en diferentes caracteres y, especialmente, en la tolerancia a los estreses h\u00eddrico y salino. resultados  la sobreexpresi\u00f3n del gen hal5 incrementa la tolerancia a la salinidad de tomate cuando se mide el peso de frutos por planta, el par\u00e1metro m\u00e1s importante desde un punto de vista agron\u00f3mico. Adem\u00e1s, se ha podido comprobar que la sobreexpresi\u00f3n del gen imp1, incrementa la tolerancia del tomate a la salinidad y al estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico a largo plazo. Por otro lado, se ha generado la primera colecci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas t-dna de la especie silvestre solanum pennellii. Se han detectado algunas l\u00edneas con expresi\u00f3n espec\u00edfica del gen delator en \u00f3rganos de la planta relacionados con el nivel de tolerancia a ambos estreses abi\u00f3ticos. Por \u00faltimo, se han identificado mutantes insercionales con alteraciones en caracteres del desarrollo vegetativo, desarrollo reproductivo y tolerancia al estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico y salino. conclusiones este trabajo ha permitido conocer la funci\u00f3n de dos genes implicados en la tolerancia a estreses abi\u00f3ticos y sus efectos al sobreexpresarse en plantas de tomate. Tambi\u00e9n se ha generado una amplia colecci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas t-dna en diversas accesiones de solanum pennellii, primer paso para poder llevar a cabo un programa de mutag\u00e9nesis insercional. Adem\u00e1s, los diferentes mutantes de s. Pennellii seleccionados en este trabajo constituyen un excelente material para la identificaci\u00f3n y an\u00e1lisis funcional de genes implicados tanto en estreses abi\u00f3ticos como en procesos de desarrollo vegetativo y reproductivo.  abstract  the problem of salinity and water stress in worldwide agriculture is being intensified due to the increasing scarcity of water resources and low quality of the available water for agricultural purposes. Plant breeding of crop plants to promote tolerance to these stresses could alleviate, at least partially, the negative consequences in production and yield caused by these abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, tolerance to water and salt stresses is a particularly complex trait since it is made up by the interaction of numerous individual traits. Within the lycopersicon section from solanum genus it is included the cultivated tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and 12 wild-related species, these lasts with accessions that present a high tolerance to these stresses. The phylogenetic closeness of the wild-related and the cultivated species, the latter of well-known worldwide economic importance, makes the former species the main genetic resource for breeding programmes in cultivated tomato. this research work has been fulfilled within the framework of a coordinated project managed among three groups; one from the university of almeria, the second from the polytechnic university of Valencia and the last from cebas-csic of murcia.  Two genomic tools, insertional mutagenesis and trapping, are being applied on tomato and diverse wild-related species to identify coding sequences or regulatory elements of genes involved in vegetative (plant architecture) and reproductive (flower and fruit) development, as well as in the plant responses to salinity and water stress. objectives: the essential objective of this research work is to advance in the knowledge of the physiological and genetic basis of the tolerance to salinity and water stress in a species of such agronomic importance as it is tomato.   methodology: for this purpose two biotechnological tools have been used; the functional analysis of two candidate genes and the insertional mutagenesis with enhancer trap applied in a wild-related species exhibiting high levels of tolerance to both stresses. In the first case, it has been studied the response of transgenic tomato plants overexpressing a gene involved in the ionic stress induced by salinity, hal5, and of another set of transgenic plants overexpressing a gene which product is involved in the last step of myo-inositol biosynthesis, imp1. On the other side, a genetic construction carrying a enhancer trap, has been used for plant transformation with the aim of identifying insertional mutants altered in different phenotypic traits, but especially in those related to tolerance to salt and water stresses results: the overexpression of hal5 augments the tolerance to salinity in the transgenic tomato assessed by fruit weight per plant, the main parameter from an agronomic point of view.  Besides, it has been possible to verify that the overexpression of imp1 increases the tolerance to long-term salinity and drought in the resulting transgenic plants. On the other hand, the first collection of t-dna lines of the wild-related tomato species solanum pennellii has been generated. Some mutant lines with specific expression of the reporter gene in plant organs related to the level of tolerance to both abiotic stresses have been detected. Lastly, some insertional mutants with alterations in traits related to vegetative and reproductive development as well as in tolerance to salt and water stresses have been identified. conclusions: this research work has allowed us to know the function of two genes involved in the tolerance to abiotic stresses and their effects when overexpressed in tomato plants.  Also it has been generated a large collection of t-dna lines in diverse accessions from solanum pennellii, the first step to accomplish a programme of insertional mutagenesis.  Furthermore, the different s. Pennellii mutants selected in this research work constitute an outstanding plant material for the identification and functional analysis of genes implicated in abiotic stresses as well as in vegetative and reproductive developmental processes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Sobreexpresi\u00f3n de genes en tomate y generaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas t-dna en la especie silvestre solanun pennellii para identificar determinantes de la tolerancia al estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico y salinidad<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Sobreexpresi\u00f3n de genes en tomate y generaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas t-dna en la especie silvestre solanun pennellii para identificar determinantes de la tolerancia al estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico y salinidad <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Elena Moyano Solera <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 08\/11\/2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Mar\u00eda Del Carmen Bolar\u00edn Jim\u00e9nez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: manuel Acosta echeverria <\/li>\n<li>Rafael Lozano ruiz (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>vicente Moreno ferrero (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  Luisa Gomez guillamon arrabal (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Elena Moyano Solera Resumen el problema de la salinidad y estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico contin\u00faa incrementando su importancia debido 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