{"id":114940,"date":"2013-03-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-03-12T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/funcionalidad-de-los-humedales-mediterraneos-en-paisajes-agra%c2%adcolas-factores-responsables-de-la-variabilidad-espacial-y-temporal-de-la-retencion-de-n-y-p\/"},"modified":"2013-03-12T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-03-12T00:00:00","slug":"funcionalidad-de-los-humedales-mediterraneos-en-paisajes-agra%c2%adcolas-factores-responsables-de-la-variabilidad-espacial-y-temporal-de-la-retencion-de-n-y-p","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/nutrientes\/funcionalidad-de-los-humedales-mediterraneos-en-paisajes-agra%c2%adcolas-factores-responsables-de-la-variabilidad-espacial-y-temporal-de-la-retencion-de-n-y-p\/","title":{"rendered":"Funcionalidad de los humedales mediterr\u00e1neos en paisajes agr\u00edcolas. factores responsables de la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la retenci\u00f3n de n y p"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Victoria Garcia Garcia <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>La contaminaci\u00f3n difusa procedente de la agricultura contribuye significativamente al incremento de la concentraci\u00f3n de nitr\u00f3geno (n) y f\u00f3sforo (p) en los ecosistemas acu\u00e1ticos continentales, siendo \u00e9ste  un grave problema en la gesti\u00f3n del agua. En las regiones mediterr\u00e1neas m\u00e1s \u00e1ridas, como el sureste ib\u00e9rico, este problema se ve agravado debido a los escasos caudales de los cursos de agua, que disminuyen su capacidad de diluci\u00f3n de solutos y los hace especialmente sensibles a la eutrofizaci\u00f3n. est\u00e1 globalmente reconocido que los humedales reducen el flujo de nutrientes desde los ecosistemas terrestres a los acu\u00e1ticos, siendo as\u00ed utilizados en el tratamiento de la contaminaci\u00f3n difusa en zonas agr\u00edcolas, urbanas e incluso mineras. Sin embargo, la diversidad de procesos implicados en la retenci\u00f3n de nutrientes determina que la eficiencia de retenci\u00f3n de los humedales pueda variar en funci\u00f3n del clima y la hidrolog\u00eda.  en este sentido, la funcionalidad de los humedales mediterr\u00e1neos del sureste ib\u00e9rico para la retenci\u00f3n de nutrientes en paisajes agr\u00edcolas es en gran medida desconocida. En este contexto, en la presente tesis se plantean cuatro objetivos generales: 1. Conocer la eficiencia de retenci\u00f3n de n y p de los humedales asociados a sistemas de drenaje, as\u00ed como su variaci\u00f3n temporal en un ciclo hidrol\u00f3gico. 2. Conocer si existen diferencias en la retenci\u00f3n de n y p entre el compartimento superficial y subsuperficial de estos humedales. 3  analizar los factores ambientales que afectan a la retenci\u00f3n de n y p. 4. Analizar la variabilidad espacial, a lo largo del eje longitudinal de los humedales, de la eficiencia de retenci\u00f3n de n y p en ambos compartimentos. en base a estos objetivos, se seleccionaron 2 humedales (taray y parra) asociados a sistemas de drenaje de cuencas agr\u00edcolas del sureste ib\u00e9rico. En ambos, se tomaron mensualmente muestras de agua superficial y subsuperficial a lo largo de un ciclo hidrol\u00f3gico y se midi\u00f3 la concentraci\u00f3n de las diferentes fracciones de n y p. Adem\u00e1s, se midieron distintas variables f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicas e hidrol\u00f3gicas. Tras ello, se analiz\u00f3 la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la retenci\u00f3n de n y p en ambos compartimentos, y con la aplicaci\u00f3n de diversos test estad\u00edsticos, se lleg\u00f3 a las siguientes conclusiones generales: 1. Los humedales mostraron altas eficiencias de retenci\u00f3n de n en ambos compartimentos y frente a elevadas concentraciones de n. El clima c\u00e1lido parece constituir una ventaja para la retenci\u00f3n de n en los humedales mediterr\u00e1neos. 2. El no3- fue la fracci\u00f3n mayoritaria del n y mostr\u00f3 los mayores porcentajes de retenci\u00f3n. Su variabilidad temporal fue menor en el c. Subsuperficial. 3. Las mayores eficiencias de retenci\u00f3n de no3- se registraron en verano. 4. Las eficiencias de retenci\u00f3n de nh4+ y de not fueron muy inferiores y m\u00e1s variables en el tiempo que las de no3-. Ning\u00fan factor ambiental de los estudiados explic\u00f3 su variabilidad temporal. 5. El c. Subsuperficial mostr\u00f3 una mayor eficiencia de retenci\u00f3n de no3- que el superficial, pero el escaso caudal subsuperficial de los humedales determin\u00f3 que la carga de no3- retirada en este compartimento fuese muy inferior a la del superficial. 6. A escala de humedal, el taray retuvo p mientras la parra lo export\u00f3.  7. La eficiencia de retenci\u00f3n de n y p en los humedales estudiados no mostr\u00f3 un car\u00e1cter lineal, es decir, el incremento en la longitud del humedal, no gener\u00f3 un incremento proporcional en la retenci\u00f3n de nutrientes.  8. La mayor eficiencia de retenci\u00f3n de nt y  no3- (99.9% del nt) se observ\u00f3 en los primeros 100 m de humedal. La retenci\u00f3n de nh4+ en el c. Superficial fue mayor en el \u00faltimo tramo del humedal, donde las altas concentraciones de nh4+ pudieron estimular su asimilaci\u00f3n microbiol\u00f3gica. La retenci\u00f3n de not, pt y prs no mostr\u00f3 ning\u00fan patr\u00f3n de variaci\u00f3n espacial estad\u00edsticamente significativo entre tramos.  \t9. La protecci\u00f3n y\/o restauraci\u00f3n de los humedales asociados a sistemas de drenaje podr\u00eda ser una herramienta \u00fatil para controlar la contaminaci\u00f3n difusa en cuencas agr\u00edcolas.  summary nonpoint source pollution from agriculture areas contributes significantly to increase nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) concentrations in freshwater ecosystems, being this a major problem in water management. In the most arid areas of mediterranean region, such as the iberian southeast, this problem is specially accused because the majority of aquatic ecosystems have low discharges that diminish their solute dilution capacity, and this make them especially sensitive to eutrophication it is globally recognised that wetlands reduce the flow of nutrients from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems, being used in the diffuse pollution treatment in agricultural, urban and even mining zones. However, the diversity of processes involved in nutrient retention determines that retention efficiency in wetlands can vary in function of climatic conditions and hydrological regimes.  in this sense, the functionality of mediterranean wetlands, in the iberian southeast, for nutrient retention in agricultural landscapes is largely unknown. In this context, in the present thesis four general objectives were established: 1. To know the n and p retention efficiency of wetlands associated to drainage systems, as well as, its temporal variability over a hydrological cycle. 2. To know if exist differences in the n and p retention efficiency between the surface and subsurface compartments of these wetlands. 3.  Analyse the environmental factors that affect to n and p retention. 4. Analyse the spatial variability, along the longitudinal axis of wetlands, of the n and p retention efficiency in both compartments. basing on these objectives, we selected two wetlands associated to drainage systems of agricultural catchments in the iberian southeast (taray and parra). In both wetlands, surface and subsurface water samples were collected once a month during a hydrological period and the concentration of the different n and p forms were analysed. In addition, different physicochemical and hydrological variables were measured. Thus, the spatial and temporal variability for n and p retention efficiency was analysed in both wetlands components and next conclusions were established:   1. The wetlands showed high n removal efficiencies at both surface and subsurface components, even for high inflow n concentrations. The warm temperature in the mediterranean wetlands can be an advantage for n removal. 2. No3- was the main n form and showed the highest retention percentages. Its temporal variability was lower in the subsurface component. 3. The highest no3- retention efficiency was observed in summer. 4. The nh4+ and ton retention efficiencies were much lower and more variable through the study period than the no3- efficiency. The studied environmental factors did not explain their temporal variability. 5. The subsurface component showed a higher no3- retention efficiency than the surface component, but the lower subsurface discharge defined that the no3- load removed at the subsurface was much lower than at the surface.  6. At the wetland scale, p was retained in taray wetland but it was exported in parra wetland. 7. The n and p retention efficiency in the study wetlands did not show a linear nature, that is, the increase in the wetland length did not cause a proportional increase in the nutrient retention. 8. The highest tn and no3- (99.9% of tn) removal within wetlands was observed in the first 100 m. The nh4+ retention efficiency at the wetland surface was higher in the last wetland reach, where the high inflow nh4+ concentrations could stimulate the microbial immobilization. Ton, tp and srp retention efficiencies did not show any consistent spatial pattern.  \t9. The conservation and\/or restoration of wetlands associated to drainage systems could be an appropriate tool for the control of non-point pollution in agricultural catchments.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Funcionalidad de los humedales mediterr\u00e1neos en paisajes agr\u00edcolas. factores responsables de la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la retenci\u00f3n de n y p<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Funcionalidad de los humedales mediterr\u00e1neos en paisajes agr\u00edcolas. factores responsables de la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la retenci\u00f3n de n y p <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Victoria Garcia Garcia <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 03\/12\/2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Rosa Mar\u00eda Gomez Cerezo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: Mar\u00eda Luisa Su\u00e1rez alonso <\/li>\n<li>Miguel angel Sanchez monedero (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>carles Ib\u00ed\u00a0\u00f1ez mart\u00ed (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Alvarez rogel (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Victoria Garcia Garcia La contaminaci\u00f3n difusa procedente de la agricultura contribuye significativamente al incremento de la concentraci\u00f3n 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