{"id":114979,"date":"2013-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-12-12T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/evaluacion-de-los-gases-de-efecto-invernadero-en-el-compostaje-de-alperujo-y-de-la-inmovilizacion-de-carbono-en-su-aplicacion-al-suelo\/"},"modified":"2013-12-12T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-12-12T00:00:00","slug":"evaluacion-de-los-gases-de-efecto-invernadero-en-el-compostaje-de-alperujo-y-de-la-inmovilizacion-de-carbono-en-su-aplicacion-al-suelo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/ciencias-agrarias\/evaluacion-de-los-gases-de-efecto-invernadero-en-el-compostaje-de-alperujo-y-de-la-inmovilizacion-de-carbono-en-su-aplicacion-al-suelo\/","title":{"rendered":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de los gases de efecto invernadero en el compostaje de alperujo y de la inmovilizaci\u00f3n de carbono en su aplicaci\u00f3n al suelo."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Nuria Serramia Moreno <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>El compostaje tiene gran inter\u00e9s debido a su potencial para degradar y estabilizar el contenido en materia org\u00e1nica (mo) de los residuos, que pueden ser utilizados en agricultura como enmiendas org\u00e1nicas. en la actualidad, la aplicaci\u00f3n de compost al suelo puede tener un valor a\u00f1adido como estrategia para reducir la concentraci\u00f3n de co2 atmosf\u00e9rico mediante la estabilizaci\u00f3n de carbono org\u00e1nico en el suelo. Con este fin, son de especial inter\u00e9s los residuos ricos en lignocelulosa, cuyo compostaje dar\u00e1 lugar a un material altamente humificado que minimiza la posterior degradaci\u00f3n del carbono a co2 y favorece la incorporaci\u00f3n de la mo del compost al suelo. Esta estrategia es de especial inter\u00e9s en las zonas de clima mediterr\u00e1neo y semi\u00e1rido donde los suelos agr\u00edcolas sufren adem\u00e1s graves problemas degradativos debido a las p\u00e9rdidas de carbono org\u00e1nico. el alperujo, residuo procedente de la extracci\u00f3n del aceite de oliva, tiene un alto contenido en lignocelulosa y compuestos fen\u00f3licos, caracter\u00edsticas que favorecen la obtenci\u00f3n de compost con un alto grado de madurez y estabilidad y que hacen que tenga una gran resistencia a la degradaci\u00f3n. As\u00ed, el uso de este residuo como fuente de carbono, tras su compostaje, tiene importantes implicaciones en la inmovilizaci\u00f3n de carbono org\u00e1nico en el suelo. sin embargo, los beneficios netos del compostaje de residuos org\u00e1nicos sobre el secuestro de carbono pueden verse contrarrestados por las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (gei) con efectos potenciales negativos sobre el medio ambiente, tales como son el n2o y el ch4.  el objetivo global del presente trabajo es evaluar el impacto ambiental del compostaje de alperujo mediante el estudio de las emisiones de gei generados durante el proceso y del potencial del compost obtenido para la inmovilizaci\u00f3n de carbono en suelos enmendados.  los objetivos parciales de la presente memoria han sido:  &quot;\tdeterminar el efecto de la composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica de la mezcla inicial de residuos sobre la velocidad de descomposici\u00f3n de la mo (duraci\u00f3n del proceso) en el compostaje de alperujo.  &quot;\tcuantificar la concentraci\u00f3n de los gases co2, ch4 y n2o generados durante el compostaje de alperujo para valorar el efecto de la composici\u00f3n inicial de las pilas y de la fuente de nitr\u00f3geno sobre la magnitud de las emisiones.  &quot;\tevaluar la influencia de la composici\u00f3n y del grado de estabilizaci\u00f3n de las mezclas de compost en la estabilizaci\u00f3n de carbono org\u00e1nico en suelos enmendados, simulando condiciones ambientales normales.  &quot;\tcuantificar la cantidad de carbono procedente de las enmiendas de compost de alperujo que puede quedar estabilizado entre las diferentes fracciones de carbono h\u00famico del suelo, bajo condiciones \u00f3ptimas para la mineralizaci\u00f3n.  para conseguir estos objetivos, se estudi\u00f3 la evoluci\u00f3n de cinco pilas elaboradas a escala industrial empleando distintas proporciones de alperujo, diferentes agentes estructurantes y fuentes de nitr\u00f3geno. El sistema de ventilaci\u00f3n empleado fue el de pila m\u00f3vil. Las muestras de los gases co2, ch4 y n2o se recogieron en la cima de las pilas mediante un sistema de c\u00e1mara cerrada. Por \u00faltimo se realizaron ensayos con suelos enmendados con las mezclas de compost de alperujo para el estudio de las din\u00e1micas de mineralizaci\u00f3n y humificaci\u00f3n.   los resultados muestran que el uso de compost de alperujo como enmendante org\u00e1nico resulta eficaz en la estrategia de estabilizar carbono en el suelo a largo plazo. Hay un beneficio neto al final del proceso dada la resistencia del material a la degradaci\u00f3n durante su compostaje y la baja mineralizaci\u00f3n de carbono tras su aplicaci\u00f3n al suelo. A esto se suma el escaso impacto ambiental de su compostaje controlado, evaluado por la baja emisi\u00f3n de ch4 y n2o.  composting is a suitable low-cost strategy for the valorisation of organic wastes as soil amendments. The interest of this technology lies in its potential to degrade and stabilise the organic matter (om) content of the wastes. At present, the application of compost to the soil could have an added value as a strategy to reduce the atmospheric concentration of co2 by the stabilisation of organic carbon in the soil. To that end, is of special interest the composting of lignocellulosic wastes due to the quality of the compost obtained: a highly humified material which minimise the subsequent carbon mineralisation and contribute to the stabilisation of waste carbon in soil. This strategy is particularly important in mediterranean areas, where a large proportion of agricultural lands have been degraded by loss of organic matter and other processes that reduce soil productivity. two-phase olive mill waste (tpomw), the main by-product generated by the two-phase centrifugation system, is characterised by a large content of om, mainly of lignocellulosic nature, and by the presence of polyphenols. These are favourable physicochemical properties to produced a highly humifed compost  which can promote long-term stabilisation of waste organic carbon in soil. however, the net benefit of the composting of organic wastes on the carbon sequestration strategy could be counteracted with the emissions of ch4 and n2o generated during composting operations, since these gases have a warming potential higher than co2.       the global purpose of this work is to evaluate the environmental  impact of tpomw composting by studying the emissions of greenhouse gases (ghg) generated during the process and the potential of the obtained compost to sequester carbon in the amended soils.   the partial aims have been:  &quot;\tto determine the effect of the initial chemical composition of the composting mixtures on the om degradation rate (composting time) during tpomw composting.  &quot;\tto quantify the emissions of co2, ch4 and n2o during tpomw composting and to study the relationship between the mechanisms involved in the gas production and the carbon and nitrogen cycles of the composting mixtures.  &quot;\tto evaluate the influence of the chemical composition and the degree of stabilisation of tpomw composting mixtures on the stabilisation of organic carbon in amended soils under standard conditions.  &quot;\tto quantify the amount of waste carbon stabilised in different soil humic fractions, under optimum conditions for mineralization.  to reach these goals, it has been studied the evolution of five composting mixtures prepared from tpomw and different bulking agents and n sources. Composts were prepared in a pilot-scale plant by windrowing. A static closed chamber technique was used to measure co2, ch4 and n2o fluxes from the surface of the composting pile. Finally, mineralization and humification dynamics were studied on different agricultural soils amended with tpomw composting mixtures.   results show the effectiveness of the use of tpomw compost as organic amendment to promote long-term stabilisation of waste carbon in soil. There is a net benefit at the end of the process due to the low degradation rate of tpomw during composting and the low mineralization rate in soil. In addition, the environmental impact of a controlled tpomw composting is scarce due to the low ch4 and n2o surface flux emission observed in the piles.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Evaluaci\u00f3n de los gases de efecto invernadero en el compostaje de alperujo y de la inmovilizaci\u00f3n de carbono en su aplicaci\u00f3n al suelo.<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Evaluaci\u00f3n de los gases de efecto invernadero en el compostaje de alperujo y de la inmovilizaci\u00f3n de carbono en su aplicaci\u00f3n al suelo. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Nuria Serramia Moreno <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 12\/12\/2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Miguel Angel Sanchez Monedero<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: carmen P\u00e9rez sirvent <\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  luz Cayuela Garc\u00eda (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>elvira Diaz pereira (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Fernando Fornes sebasti\u00e1 (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Nuria Serramia Moreno El compostaje tiene gran inter\u00e9s debido a su potencial para degradar y estabilizar el 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