{"id":114995,"date":"2018-03-11T10:43:16","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/influencia-de-las-aberraciones-en-vision-binocular-mediante-el-uso-de-sistemas-de-optica-adaptativa\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:43:16","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:43:16","slug":"influencia-de-las-aberraciones-en-vision-binocular-mediante-el-uso-de-sistemas-de-optica-adaptativa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/optica\/influencia-de-las-aberraciones-en-vision-binocular-mediante-el-uso-de-sistemas-de-optica-adaptativa\/","title":{"rendered":"Influencia de las aberraciones en visi\u00f3n binocular mediante el uso de sistemas de \u00f3ptica adaptativa"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Christina Schwarz <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido obtener una mejor comprensi\u00f3n de la influencia que tienen las aberraciones en la visi\u00f3n binocular mediante el uso de le tecnolog\u00eda de \u00f3ptica adaptativa. Para este fin, se dise\u00f1\u00f3 y construy\u00f3 un simulador visual binocular de \u00f3ptica adaptativa capaz de controlar de manera precisa la funci\u00f3n pupila compleja en ambos ojos simult\u00e1neamente. El sistema se basa en el uso de moduladores espaciales de cristal l\u00edquido, lo que permite una alta resoluci\u00f3n en planos conjugados de pupila para manipular la amplitud y la fase de ambos ojos de manera independiente. En consecuencia, los resultados y las conclusiones est\u00e1n resumidos. el desenfoque inducido bilateralmente tiene un efecto desventajoso en la sumaci\u00f3n binocular. Mientras el m\u00ednimo ocurre a distancias intermedias, la sumaci\u00f3n binocular recupera valores que se obtienen en el mejor foco. La aberraci\u00f3n esf\u00e9rica tiene un impacto favorable en la sumaci\u00f3n binocular. En cambio, si se corrige esta aberraci\u00f3n, se reduce la sumaci\u00f3n binocular. No obstante, si la calidad \u00f3ptica difiere entre los dos ojo, tanto el desenfoque como la aberraci\u00f3n esf\u00e9rica tienen un efecto negativo en la ventaja binocular. se simul\u00f3 el beneficio visual al llevarse a cabo una implantaci\u00f3n bilateral en pacientes pseudof\u00e1quicos con lentes intraoculares correctoras de aberraci\u00f3n esf\u00e9rica y aberraci\u00f3n crom\u00e1tica longitudinal. En el caso de la correcci\u00f3n combinada de aberraci\u00f3n esf\u00e9rica y aberraci\u00f3n crom\u00e1tica longitudinal, se puede esperar un aumento significativo de la agudeza visual binocular, aunque la mejora en condiciones binoculares resulta inferior a la obtenida bajo condiciones monoculares. Con la correcci\u00f3n de aberraciones la sumaci\u00f3n binocular disminuye. el coma tiene el potencial de extender la profundidad de foco tanto monocular como binocularmente, en gran parte, sin afectar a la agudeza visual en el mejor foco. Debido a la generaci\u00f3n de disparidad retiniana, el efecto depende, sin embargo, de la orientaci\u00f3n del coma. La mayor extensi\u00f3n de la profundidad de foco se obtiene si el coma est\u00e1 orientado verticalmente en la misma direcci\u00f3n en ambos ojos. la correcci\u00f3n de aberraciones binoculares y la sumaci\u00f3n binocular proporcionan una mayor ventaja en condiciones de baja luminancia. La sumaci\u00f3n binocular parece estar correlacionada inversamente con la agudeza monocular alcanzada a esos niveles de iluminaci\u00f3n y, por tanto, mitiga el rendimiento visual reducido. la visi\u00f3n binocular incrementa la precisi\u00f3n subjetiva en la determinaci\u00f3n del mejor foco en baja luminancia. Se encontr\u00f3 un peque\u00f1o, pero consistente, desplazamiento relativo mi\u00f3pico cuando se reduce la iluminaci\u00f3n, que puede explicarse mediante el efecto purkinje junto con la aberraci\u00f3n crom\u00e1tica longitudinal del ojo humano. El desplazamiento aumenta si la aberraci\u00f3n esf\u00e9rica est\u00e1 presente, probablemente debido a la extensi\u00f3n de la profundidad de foco en combinaci\u00f3n con el error acomodativo. la simulaci\u00f3n de un implante corneal de abertura peque\u00f1a demuestra que en condiciones fot\u00f3picas aumenta la profundidad de foco con igual eficacia que la monovisi\u00f3n tradicional. Bajo condiciones de luz mes\u00f3picas, el rendimiento depende m\u00e1s del sujeto, lo que destaca la importancia de tener en cuenta la agudeza visual bajo estas condiciones de iluminaci\u00f3n durante la selecci\u00f3n de pacientes. la evaluaci\u00f3n de diversos procedimientos de correcci\u00f3n de presbicia muestra el potencial del simulador visual binocular de \u00f3ptica adaptativa como instrumento de uso cl\u00ednico. Se podr\u00eda usar el aparato para encontrar la correcci\u00f3n visual \u00f3ptima al tiempo que los pacientes podr\u00edan adquirir un rol activo en el proceso de tratamiento.   resumen en ingl\u00e9s the aim of this thesis was to achieve a better understanding of the influence of aberrations on binocular vision by means of adaptive optics technology. Therefore, a binocular adaptive optics visual simulator fully capable to control the two complex pupil functions was successfully designed and constructed. The system is based on liquid crystal spatial light modulators offering high resolution in pupil conjugate planes to manipulate amplitude and phase of both eyes independently. This allows to noninvasively modify optical factors such as aberrations and pupil shapes while subjects undergo visual testing. The instrument was used in a variety of experiments to investigate in what way the optics of the eye influence binocular vision. In the following paragraphs, the main results and conclusions are summarized. bilateral defocus has a detrimental effect on binocular summation, with the minimum occurring at an intermediate vergence. Binocular summation recovers to values obtained at best focus for greater vergences, mitigating the reduction in optical quality. For bilaterally induced spherical aberration, in contrast, a beneficial effect on binocular summation was observed. However, when optical quality is different between both eyes, both defocus and spherical aberration have a negative influence on the binocular advantage.  the potential visual benefit of bilateral implantation of the average pseudophakic patient with aspheric-achromatic intraocular lenses was studied. In case of a combined correction of spherical and longitudinal chromatic aberration, significant increase in binocular visual acuity can be expected, albeit the improvement under binocular conditions is lower compared to that under monocular conditions. As the level of aberration correction increases, the binocular summation declines.  inducing coma has the potential to extend monocular and binocular depth of focus, without significantly affecting visual acuity at best focus. Due to the generated retinal disparity, this effect is however orientation dependent. The greatest depth of focus extension is achieved when coma occurs vertically in the same direction.  binocular aberration correction and binocular summation presents a special benefit under low luminance conditions for natural light-adapted pupils. Binocular summation seems to be inversely correlated with monocular va under natural viewing conditions, thus, mitigating reduced visual performance. binocular viewing increases the subjects&apos; precision to judge best-focus positions under reduced luminance conditions. A small but consistent relative myopic shift can be observed as light levels are reduced which can be fully explained by the purkinje shift in combination with the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the human eye. The shift increases when spherical aberration is induced, probably due to the extended depth of focus in combination with the accommodative lag. visual simulations of a corneal small aperture inlay prove that this device extends depth of focus just as effectively as traditional monovision in photopic light. Under mesopic luminance conditions, performance is more subject-dependent. For two subjects, performance was still comparable to traditional monovision. However, centration of the device is critical and also the annulus pupil could reduce visual performance with the corneal inlay. successful simulation of different monovision-types for presbyopia correction demonstrates the potential of the binocular adaptive optics visual simulator as a pre-screening device. The instrument could be used to find the appropriate vision correction for a large number of patients, so that they could take an active role in the treatment process.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Influencia de las aberraciones en visi\u00f3n binocular mediante el uso de sistemas de \u00f3ptica adaptativa<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Influencia de las aberraciones en visi\u00f3n binocular mediante el uso de sistemas de \u00f3ptica adaptativa <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Christina Schwarz <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 13\/12\/2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Pablo Artal Soriano<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: manuel Perez cagigal <\/li>\n<li>susana Marcos celestino (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>ignacio Moreno soriano (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez cuesta (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Christina Schwarz El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido obtener una mejor comprensi\u00f3n de la influencia que 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