{"id":115291,"date":"2018-03-11T10:43:42","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:43:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/respuesta-de-las-plantas-de-tomate-a-la-combinacion-de-salinidad-y-altas-temperaturas\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:43:42","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:43:42","slug":"respuesta-de-las-plantas-de-tomate-a-la-combinacion-de-salinidad-y-altas-temperaturas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/bioquimica-vegetal\/respuesta-de-las-plantas-de-tomate-a-la-combinacion-de-salinidad-y-altas-temperaturas\/","title":{"rendered":"Respuesta de las plantas de tomate a la combinaci\u00f3n de salinidad y altas temperaturas"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Teresa Del Carmen Mestre Ortu\u00f1o <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen de la tesis: el cultivo de tomate es uno de los m\u00e1s importantes de la cuenca mediterr\u00e1nea, que se caracteriza por tener un clima \u00e1rido o semi-\u00e1rido. El uso de aguas salinas para riego y las altas temperaturas son dos de los factores que m\u00e1s contribuyen a la disminuci\u00f3n de la producci\u00f3n e indicen directamente sobre la aparici\u00f3n de la podredumbre apical o blossom-end rot (ber) en los frutos. Hasta la fecha, la mayor\u00eda de los trabajos se han centrado en el estudio de la respuesta a uno solo de estos factores, aunque el efecto de la salinidad podr\u00eda acentuarse por las altas temperaturas. Por tanto, ser\u00eda necesario conocer la respuesta de las plantas cuando ambos estreses se aplican simult\u00e1neamente. Por todo esto, se plantearon dos objetivos, el primer objetivo fue establecer la respuesta de tomate a la combinaci\u00f3n de salinidad y altas temperaturas, para ello se realizaron dos experimentos, el primero en invernadero donde se estudiaron aspectos agron\u00f3micos y fisiol\u00f3gicos con relaci\u00f3n a la producci\u00f3n y calidad de los frutos de tomate con la combinaci\u00f3n de salinidad y altas temperaturas. El segundo se realiz\u00f3 en c\u00e1mara de cultivo bajo condiciones controladas, y se analiz\u00f3 la respuesta primaria de la planta de tomate a la combinaci\u00f3n de salinidad y altas temperaturas durante las primeras 72 horas. El segundo objetivo consisti\u00f3 en establecer los mecanismos responsables de la aparici\u00f3n de ber, para ello se cultivaron plantas de microtomate sometidas a deficiencia de calcio. Como resultados m\u00e1s destacables podr\u00edamos decir que la salinidad y altas temperaturas redujeron la producci\u00f3n comercial al reducir el tama\u00f1o de los frutos principalmente, tambi\u00e9n se disminuy\u00f3 el porcentaje de cuajado y aument\u00f3 la incidencia de frutos con ber y rajados. Aunque la salinidad mejor\u00f3 la calidad de los frutos, y la alta temperatura la empeor\u00f3. A las 72h de estr\u00e9s, cuando salinidad y altas temperaturas se aplicaron conjuntamente, las plantas crecieron m\u00e1s que las del tratamiento salino. Absorbieron menos na+ y m\u00e1s k+, aumentaron la asimilaci\u00f3n de co2, as\u00ed como una mayor eficiencia cu\u00e1ntica de los fotosistemas y mayor eficiencia del fotosistema ii en relaci\u00f3n al tratamiento salino a 25\u00c2\u00bac. Adem\u00e1s, las plantas con salinidad acumularon prolina, mientras que las plantas con salinidad y alta temperatura acumularon glicina beta\u00edna y trehalosa. Solamente en las plantas cultivadas con 0.1 mm ca2+ se observaron frutos con ber, y de \u00e9stas s\u00f3lo la mitad de la producci\u00f3n padeci\u00f3 esta fisiopat\u00eda. Adem\u00e1s, los frutos afectados con ber tuvieron menos concentraci\u00f3n de ca2+ que los frutos aparentemente sanos. Y solamente en los frutos con ber el metabolismo oxidativo y el ciclo del ascorbato-glutati\u00f3n estaban alterados.  summary: tomato crop is one of the most important in the mediterranean area, which is characterized by an arid or semi-arid climate. The use of saline water for irrigation and high temperatures are two of the factors that contributing to the decline yield and affect directly to blossom-end rot (ber) in the fruits . To date, most work has focused on the study of plant response to one of these factors, although the effect of salinity could be accentuated by high temperatures. It would be necessary to know the plant response when these two stresses are applied simultaneously. Thus, two objectives were considered. The first objective was to establish the response of tomato to the combination of high temperatures and salinity. In order to reach this objective, two experiments were performed. In the first one, tomato plants were grown under salinity and high temperature treatments in a greenhouse. Agronomic and physiological aspects were studied in relation to the production and quality of tomato fruits. The second one was conducted in a growth chamber under controlled conditions, and the primary response tomato plant to the combination of salinity and high temperatures was analyzed at the first 72 hours. The second objective was to establish the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of ber. For this reason, microtom plants subjected to calcium deficiency were grown in a growth chamber. The results shown that salinity and high temperatures reduced yield by reducing the size of the fruits and the percentage of fruit set. In addition, the incidence of fruits with ber and cracked were also increased. However, salinity improved fruit quality. After 72h under stress, the plants grown with salinity and high temperature treatment grew faster than plant grown under salinity treatment. Plant under the combination treatment reduced na+ and increased k+ uptake, increased co2 assimilation, and they had higher quantum efficiency of photosystem than the plants with saline treatment at 25\u00c2\u00b0c. Furthermore, plants with salinity accumulated proline, while plants treated with salinity and high temperature accumulated glycine betaine and trehalose. Fruits with ber were observed only in the plants grown with 0.1 mm ca2+, and only half of this suffered this disorder. In addition, the fruits affected with ber had less ca2+ than the apparently healthy fruits. The oxidative metabolism and ascorbate-glutathione cycle were affected only in fruits with ber.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Respuesta de las plantas de tomate a la combinaci\u00f3n de salinidad y altas temperaturas<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Respuesta de las plantas de tomate a la combinaci\u00f3n de salinidad y altas temperaturas <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Teresa Del Carmen Mestre Ortu\u00f1o <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 24\/02\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Vicente Martinez Lopez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: Antonio Cerda cerda <\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  angeles Botella marrero (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Juan  Manuel Ruiz saez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Manuel Acosta echeverria (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Teresa Del Carmen Mestre Ortu\u00f1o Resumen de la tesis: el cultivo de tomate es uno de los 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