{"id":115678,"date":"2018-03-11T10:44:21","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:44:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/estudio-de-la-evolucion-del-espaciador-ribosomal-intergenico-45s-igs45s-y-otras-familias-de-adn-repetido-en-plantas-mediante-tecnicas-moleculares-y-citogeneticas\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:44:21","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:44:21","slug":"estudio-de-la-evolucion-del-espaciador-ribosomal-intergenico-45s-igs45s-y-otras-familias-de-adn-repetido-en-plantas-mediante-tecnicas-moleculares-y-citogeneticas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/botanica\/estudio-de-la-evolucion-del-espaciador-ribosomal-intergenico-45s-igs45s-y-otras-familias-de-adn-repetido-en-plantas-mediante-tecnicas-moleculares-y-citogeneticas\/","title":{"rendered":"Estudio de la evoluci\u00f3n del espaciador ribosomal interg\u00e9nico 45s (igs45s) y otras familias de adn repetido en plantas, mediante t\u00e9cnicas moleculares y citogen\u00e9ticas"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Jos\u00e9 Antonio Galian Megias <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen de la tesis  el objetivo fundamental de esta tesis fue ahondar en los procesos de evoluci\u00f3n molecular de algunas de las distintas familias de adn repetido que se usan de forma rutinaria en los trabajos de taxonom\u00eda, filogeograf\u00eda y filogen\u00e9tica de plantas, para con herramientas de biolog\u00eda molecular (pcr, clonaci\u00f3n, secuenciaci\u00f3n\u00c2\u00bf) y citogen\u00e9tica molecular (fish) poner a prueba las teor\u00edas generalmente aceptadas sobre los procesos de variaci\u00f3n y homogeneizaci\u00f3n de tales secuencias repetidas.  en el primer trabajo de esta tesis como compendio de art\u00edculos, utilizando la secuencia de adn sat\u00e9lite e180 previamente descrita para el g\u00e9nero medicago, dise\u00f1amos primers espec\u00edficos para (1) evaluar la robustez y sensibilidad tanto de la pcr como del fish para detectar familias de adn repetido, (2) obtener nuevos datos sobre la evoluci\u00f3n gen\u00f3mica (cariot\u00edpica) del g\u00e9nero medicago usando adnsat como marcador, y (3) evaluar el rastro filogen\u00e9tico dejado por una familia de adnsat en un g\u00e9nero tan particular como medicago, donde se tiene la evidencia de que complejos patrones de hibridaci\u00f3n han jugado un papel fundamental en su historia evolutiva. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la detecci\u00f3n tanto por t\u00e9cnicas moleculares como citogen\u00e9ticas de la familia repetida e180 es altamente reproducible a trav\u00e9s del g\u00e9nero, y que los patrones cromos\u00f3micos sirvieron para diferenciar complejos de especies estrechamente relacionados (son tax\u00f3n-espec\u00edficos).  el segundo trabajo de esta tesis vino motivado por las continuas referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas que usaban las secuencias de la familia de adn ribosomal nuclear 5s como marcador gen\u00e9tico en la pr\u00e1ctica de concatenar partes diferentes de dos genes seguidos para usarlas como pertenecientes a un mismo gen, en la creencia de que la homogeneizaci\u00f3n de secuencia dentro de la familia era completa. En consecuencia comparamos la integridad de la secuencia (longitud, motivos universales conservados y estructura secundaria) y el comportamiento filogen\u00e9tico de zonas 5s codificantes completas en comparaci\u00f3n con las quim\u00e9ricas (concatenadas) de un grupo de genes de adnrn 5s obtenido de varias especies estrechamente relacionadas. Los resultados que se desprenden sugieren que la homogeneizaci\u00f3n de secuencias no est\u00e1 operando, ni siquiera dentro de un mismo t\u00e1ndem, en la regi\u00f3n codificante del adnrn 5s, la cual hab\u00eda sido tradicionalmente considerada como un ejemplo de secuencia altamente conservada. De esta manera, la generalizada pr\u00e1ctica de concatenar secuencias de genes 5s puede incrementar la diversidad haplot\u00edpica, distorsionando los patrones de evoluci\u00f3n g\u00e9nica y conduciendo a relaciones haplot\u00edpicas incorrectas en algunas reconstrucciones evolutivas.  en el tercer y \u00faltimo trabajo de la tesis, estudiamos la secuencia del espaciador interg\u00e9nico (igs) del adnr 45s de ginkgo biloba y medicago arborea respectivamente.  en el caso de g. Biloba, y bas\u00e1ndonos en trabajos previos, intentamos discernir si las familias de adnrn 45s y 5s estaban o no combinadas en el mismo locus. Usando t\u00e9cnicas de citogen\u00e9tica molecular y secuenciaci\u00f3n de adn mostramos que la \u00fanica organizaci\u00f3n existente en esta especie es la asociada (primera vez que se demuestra en gimnospermas), donde el gen 5s aparece insertado dentro del igs 45s.   summary of the thesis  the main aim of this work was to depth into the processes of molecular evolution of some of the different families of repeated dna that are used routinely in taxonomy, phylogeography and phylogenetics, using molecular biology (pcr, cloning, sequencing\u00c2\u00bf) and molecular cytogenetics (fish) to assess widely accepted theories about mechanisms of variation and homogenization of such repeated sequences.  in the first study of this thesis as a compendium of articles, using the dna sequence satellite e180 previously described for the genus medicago, we designed specific primers (1) to assess the robustness and sensitivity of pcr and fish to detect families of repeated dna, (2) to obtain new data on the genomic evolution (karyotype) of the genus medicago using satdna as a marker , and (3) evaluate the phylogenetic trail left by a family of adnsat on a particular genus such as medicago, where complex patterns of hybridization have played a key role in their evolutionary history. Our results demonstrate that detection of e180 family by both molecular and cytogenetic techniques is highly reproducible across the genus, and that chromosomal patterns were useful to differentiate closely related species complexes (taxon-specific).  the second paper of this thesis was motivated by the continuous references that used the sequences of the family of nuclear ribosomal dna 5s as a genetic marker in the practice of concatenating different parts of two genes in a row to use them as belonging to the same gene, in belief that sequence homogenization within the family was complete. Therefore we compared the sequence integrity (length, conserved motifs and secondary structure) and phylogenetic behavior of complete 5s coding regions compared to the chimerics (concatenated) in a group of 5s adnrn genes obtained of several closely related species. The results suggest that sequence homogenization is not operating, even within the same tandem, in the 5s adnrn coding region, which had traditionally been considered as an example of highly conserved sequence. Thus, the widespread practice to concatenate sequences of 5s genes can increase the haplotype diversity, distorting patterns of genic evolution and leading to bad haplotype relationships in some evolutionary reconstructions.  in the third paper we study the sequence of the intergenic spacer (igs) of 45s rdna of ginkgo biloba. Based on previous works, we try to discern whether 45s and 5s adnrn families were or were not linked within the same locus. Using molecular cytogenetic techniques and dna sequencing showed that the only organization in this species is the associated one (first time reported in gymnosperms), where the 5s gene is inserted into the 45s igs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Estudio de la evoluci\u00f3n del espaciador ribosomal interg\u00e9nico 45s (igs45s) y otras familias de adn repetido en plantas, mediante t\u00e9cnicas moleculares y citogen\u00e9ticas<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Estudio de la evoluci\u00f3n del espaciador ribosomal interg\u00e9nico 45s (igs45s) y otras familias de adn repetido en plantas, mediante t\u00e9cnicas moleculares y citogen\u00e9ticas <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Jos\u00e9 Antonio Galian Megias <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 23\/05\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Marcela Rosato<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: gonzalo Nieto feliner <\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda Mayol mart\u00ednez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Francisco Javier Fuertes aguilar (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>ines Alvarez fernandez (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Jos\u00e9 Antonio Galian Megias Resumen de la tesis el objetivo fundamental de esta tesis fue ahondar en 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