{"id":115733,"date":"2014-02-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-02-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/calidad-y-autenticidad-de-pimiento-capsium-annum-l-y-lechuga-lactuca-sativa-l-cultivados-bajo-sistemas-de-produccion-sostenibles\/"},"modified":"2014-02-06T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-02-06T00:00:00","slug":"calidad-y-autenticidad-de-pimiento-capsium-annum-l-y-lechuga-lactuca-sativa-l-cultivados-bajo-sistemas-de-produccion-sostenibles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/tecnologia-de-los-alimentos\/calidad-y-autenticidad-de-pimiento-capsium-annum-l-y-lechuga-lactuca-sativa-l-cultivados-bajo-sistemas-de-produccion-sostenibles\/","title":{"rendered":"Calidad y autenticidad de pimiento (capsium annum l.) y lechuga (lactuca sativa l.) cultivados bajo sistemas de producci\u00f3n sostenibles."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Alicia Lopez Martinez <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen  los productos hortofrut\u00edcolas contienen, entre otros, compuestos bioactivos y antioxidantes tales como vitamina c, compuestos fen\u00f3licos, carotenoides, etc., Que poseen propiedades beneficiosas para la salud. La concentraci\u00f3n de estos compuestos en frutas y hortalizas, y por lo tanto la calidad funcional de las mismas, puede verse alterada por diversos factores pre-cosecha, entre ellos, factores gen\u00e9ticos y las pr\u00e1cticas agron\u00f3micas adoptadas. El primer objetivo de esta tesis doctoral fue estudiar el efecto de los sistemas de producci\u00f3n (ecol\u00f3gico, convencional y sin suelo) sobre las caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas y la composici\u00f3n mineral y antioxidante de pimiento a trav\u00e9s de dos aproximaciones diferentes: un estudio realizado en explotaciones comerciales y otro realizado bajo condiciones controladas, en un invernadero experimental. Los resultados mostraron evidencias de que el manejo de la fertilizaci\u00f3n en la producci\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica y convencional, puede influir en la calidad organol\u00e9ptica y nutricional de pimiento. Sin embargo, estas diferencias s\u00f3lo se observaron cuando dicho manejo implic\u00f3 una limitaci\u00f3n en la nutrici\u00f3n mineral del cultivo ecol\u00f3gico respecto al convencional. Los par\u00e1metros de calidad de fruto afectados por el manejo de la fertilizaci\u00f3n (ecol\u00f3gica o convencional) fueron por un lado, peso, firmeza y concentraci\u00f3n de \u00e1cido c\u00edtrico, cuyos valores fueron superiores en pimiento convencional, y por otro lado, clorofila, carotenoides y actividad antioxidante de la fracci\u00f3n lipof\u00edlica, cuyos valores fueron superiores en pimiento ecol\u00f3gico. Respecto al estudio comparativo entre el sistema de cultivo en suelo y sin suelo, la respuesta de pimiento dependi\u00f3 de la aproximaci\u00f3n experimental utilizada y de la variedad estudiada. Adem\u00e1s, el efecto de la \u00e9poca de muestreo sobre la calidad del fruto fue, en la mayor\u00eda de los casos, m\u00e1s pronunciado que el efecto del sistema de cultivo y se observ\u00f3, en muchos de los par\u00e1metros estudiados, una interacci\u00f3n entre el efecto del sistema de cultivo y el efecto del factor muestreo. el segundo objetivo fue evaluar la calidad de diferentes cultivares de lechuga, perteneciente a los tipos romana, mini romana y little gem, en funci\u00f3n de sus caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas y contenido en compuestos bioactivos. Los resultados mostraron a romana como el tipo de lechuga con mayor concentraci\u00f3n en compuestos fen\u00f3licos, vitamina c y folatos. Este mayor contenido en compuestos fen\u00f3licos puede considerarse una ventaja de la lechuga romana frente a los otros tipos cuando \u00e9sta se comercializa entera para su consumo en fresco y por otro lado, una desventaja en el caso de ser procesada para cuarta gama. La lechuga tipo mini romana mostr\u00f3 el mayor contenido de \u00e1cidos org\u00e1nicos y compuestos lipof\u00edlicos, incluyendo carotenoides y clorofilas, ambos con propiedades antioxidantes.  finalmente, se plante\u00f3 el objetivo de desarrollar una metodolog\u00eda para detectar posibles aplicaciones fraudulentas de fertilizantes de s\u00edntesis en agricultura ecol\u00f3gica mediante el an\u00e1lisis multivariable (valores de ?15n, concentraci\u00f3n de metabolitos y contenido mineral) utilizando un an\u00e1lisis discriminante can\u00f3nico (adc).  La clasificaci\u00f3n de pimiento y lechuga ecol\u00f3gicos y convencionales mediante una aproximaci\u00f3n multivariante, permiti\u00f3 que el 78,8% de las muestras de pimiento pudieran ser clasificadas correctamente por el adc cuando se utilizaron par\u00e1metros precosecha. Este porcentaje se redujo al 69,2%, cuando se utilizaron para construir el modelo par\u00e1metros postcosecha. En lechuga, el uso de par\u00e1metros precosecha en el adc permiti\u00f3 que el 65,4% de las muestras fueran clasificadas con \u00e9xito. La selecci\u00f3n de los par\u00e1metros postcosecha, mejor\u00f3 significativamente el modelo permitiendo que el 90,4% de las muestras de lechuga pudieran ser correctamente clasificados.  summary  vegetables contain bioactive compounds and antioxidants such as vitamin c, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, etc., With beneficial health-related properties. The concentration of these compounds in fruits and vegetables, and therefore their functional quality, can be altered by genetic factors and agronomic practices. The first objective of this thesis was to study the effect of production systems (organic, conventional and soilless) on the physical characteristics and mineral and antioxidant composition of pepper using two different approaches: a farm study and an experimental greenhouse approach under controlled conditions. The results showed that fertilization management in organic and conventional production can influence the organoleptic and nutritional quality of pepper. However, these differences were only observed when the organic management implied a limitation on the mineral nutrition with regard to the conventional cultivation. On the one hand, the quality parameters affected by fertilization management (organic or conventional) were weight, firmness and citric acid concentration, whose values were higher in conventional pepper, while chlorophyll, carotenoids and lipophilic antioxidant activity were higher in organic pepper. As regards the comparative study between soil and soilless cultivation, the response of pepper depended on the experimental approach used and the cultivar studied. In addition, the influence of harvesting time on fruit quality was, in most cases, more pronounced than that of the cropping system and an interaction between cropping system and harvesting time was observed in most of the parameters analysed. the second objective was to evaluate the quality of different lettuce cultivars, belonging to types romaine, mini romaine and little gem, according to their physical characteristics and the bioactive compounds they contained. Romaine type showed the highest content of phenolic compounds, vitamin c and folates. This higher content of phenolic compounds can be considered an advantage of the romaine lettuce compared to the other types when it is marketed whole for fresh consumption but a disadvantage when it is processed for fresh-cut material. Mini romaine type showed the highest content of organic acids and lipophilic compounds, including carotenoids and chlorophylls, both with antioxidants properties.  the last objective was to develop a methodology to detect possible fraudulent applications of synthetic fertilizers in organic cultivation using multivariate data (?15n values, key-metabolites and mineral content) and canonical discriminant analysis (cda). Classification of organic and conventional pepper and lettuce using this multivariate approach allowed a high percentage (78.8%) of samples to be correctly classified by cda when preharvest parameters were used. This percentage was lower (69.2%) when only post-harvest sampling parameters were used to build the model. In lettuce, the use of pre-harvest parameters in the cda led to 65.4% of the samples being successfully classified. The incorporation of post-harvest parameters significantly improved the model allowing 90.4% of lettuce samples to be correctly classified.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Calidad y autenticidad de pimiento (capsium annum l.) y lechuga (lactuca sativa l.) cultivados bajo sistemas de producci\u00f3n sostenibles.<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Calidad y autenticidad de pimiento (capsium annum l.) y lechuga (lactuca sativa l.) cultivados bajo sistemas de producci\u00f3n sostenibles. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Alicia Lopez Martinez <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 02\/06\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>villamil Flores Fernandez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: simon Navarro garcia <\/li>\n<li>adrian Rodr\u00edguez burruezo (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  pilar Hellin garcia (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>josefa Mar\u00eda Navarro acosta (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Alicia Lopez Martinez Resumen los productos hortofrut\u00edcolas contienen, entre otros, compuestos bioactivos y antioxidantes tales como vitamina 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