{"id":115760,"date":"2014-06-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-06-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/nuevos-metodos-de-pretratamiento-de-muestra-para-el-analisis-de-alimentos-mediante-cromatografa%c2%ada-la%c2%adquida\/"},"modified":"2014-06-06T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-06-06T00:00:00","slug":"nuevos-metodos-de-pretratamiento-de-muestra-para-el-analisis-de-alimentos-mediante-cromatografa%c2%ada-la%c2%adquida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/quimica-analitica\/nuevos-metodos-de-pretratamiento-de-muestra-para-el-analisis-de-alimentos-mediante-cromatografa%c2%ada-la%c2%adquida\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuevos m\u00e9todos de pretratamiento de muestra para el an\u00e1lisis de alimentos mediante cromatograf\u00edal\u00edquida."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Juan a Gema Ferez Melgarejo <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen: se presentan los resultados obtenidos al estudiar diferentes combinaciones instrumentales entre lc como m\u00e9todo de separaci\u00f3n y dad y ms empleando fuentes de ionizaci\u00f3n api (esi y apci), as\u00ed como analizadores tof e it para la detecci\u00f3n. Estas t\u00e9cnicas se han acoplado adem\u00e1s con distintos procedimientos de tratamiento de la muestra basados en los principios de &quot;qu\u00edmica sostenible&quot;, como dllme y sbse. Se proponen distintos m\u00e9todos de an\u00e1lisis para la determinaci\u00f3n de un buen n\u00famero de compuestos org\u00e1nicos de car\u00e1cter t\u00f3xico, tales como melamina y sus derivados, fungicidas, insecticidas y citoquininas, as\u00ed como otros compuestos de inter\u00e9s como lactonas macroc\u00edclicas en distintos tipos de alimentos. Tambi\u00e9n se proponen nuevos procedimientos para la determinaci\u00f3n de otros compuestos beneficiosos para la salud como nucle\u00f3tidos y compuestos polifen\u00f3licos, en diferentes alimentos. Utilizando de modo general la cromatograf\u00eda de l\u00edquidos, lc, se han ensayado diferentes fases estacionarias y distintos disolventes como fases m\u00f3viles, incluyendo agua, metanol, acetonitrilo y mezclas de los anteriores, as\u00ed como disoluciones de \u00e1cidos y reguladoras. Se ha trabajado en eluci\u00f3n isocr\u00e1tica o mediante eluci\u00f3n por gradiente. La cromatograf\u00eda de pares i\u00f3nicos permiti\u00f3 la separaci\u00f3n de cinco nucle\u00f3tidos monofosfato autorizados, cmp, ump, amp, gmp e imp. Se ha aplicado con \u00e9xito al an\u00e1lisis de una gran variedad de alimentos infantiles y\/o funcionales y cereales infantiles, incluyendo un estudio de la estabilidad de los nucle\u00f3tidos en alimentos l\u00e1cteos acidificados. Lc de intercambio cati\u00f3nico ha permitido el control de la presencia de mel y sus derivados (amn, amd y ca) en alimentos. Aunque dad permite la determinaci\u00f3n de mel y amn, esta forma de detecci\u00f3n no resulta \u00fatil para ca y amd. La detecci\u00f3n por ms permite una cuantificaci\u00f3n adecuada de los cuatro analitos, mejorando tambi\u00e9n la sensibilidad. Se propone un modo de detecci\u00f3n dual para la separaci\u00f3n por lc de siete polifenoles, tres \u00e1cidos fen\u00f3licos y cuatro hts, en zumos de granada y diferentes partes de la fruta y el granado, proporcionando una sensibilidad elevada. En definitiva, se proponen nuevos progresos en la integraci\u00f3n de m\u00faltiples acoplamientos en l\u00ednea y combinaciones de t\u00e9cnicas de preparaci\u00f3n de muestra y anal\u00edticas, como spe-dllme y lc-dad-apci-it-ms\/ms para la determinaci\u00f3n de cinco insecticidas neonicotinoides en miel.   palabras clave: cromatograf\u00eda l\u00edquida, nucleotidos, polifenoles, insecticidas, fungicidas, melamina, lactonas, microextracci\u00f3n dispersiva, extracci\u00f3n en barra agitadora   summary the results obtained by studying different instrumental combinations, namely liquid chromatography (lc) as the separation technique and diode array detection (dad) and mass spectrometry (ms) using api ion source (esi and apci) and tof analyzers and it for quantification are presented. These techniques have been further coupled with different treatment procedures of the sample based on the principles of &quot;green chemistry&quot; as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (dllme) and stir bar sorptive extraction (sbse). Thus different methods of analysis for the determination of a large number of toxic organic compounds such as melamine and its derivatives, fungicides, insecticides and cytokinins, as well as other compounds of interest including macrocyclic lactones in foods are proposed. New procedures for the determination of other chemicals such as nucleotides and polyphenolic compounds are also proposed. Lc was always used, and different stationary and mobile phases as solvents including water, methanol, acetonitrile and mixtures thereof, as well as solutions of acids and buffers were tested. Both isocratic or gradient elution modes were considered. The ion pair chromatography allowed the separation of five authorized monophosphate nucleotides, namely cmp, ump, amp, gmp and imp. The new procedure has been successfully applied to the analysis of a variety of baby foods and\/or functional and cereals, including a study of the stability of the nucleotides in acidified dairy foods. Cation exchange lc has allowed the monitoring of the presence of mel and derivatives thereof (amn, amd and ca) in foods. Although dad allows the determination of mel and amn, this form of detection is not suitable for ca and amd. Ms detection allows accurate quantification of the four analytes, also improving sensitivity. Dual detection mode for lc separation of seven polyphenols, phenolic acids three and four hts pomegranate juices and in different parts of the fruit and pomegranate, providing high sensitivity is proposed. Finally, further progress in integrating multiple links online and combinations of techniques and analytical sample preparation, such as spe- dllme for the determination by lc-dad-apci-it-ms\/ms of five neonicotinoid insecticides in honey are also studied.  keywords: liquid chromatography, nucleotides, polyphenols, insecticides, fungicides, melamine, lactones, dispersive liquid liquid microextraction, stir bar sorption extraction<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Nuevos m\u00e9todos de pretratamiento de muestra para el an\u00e1lisis de alimentos mediante cromatograf\u00edal\u00edquida.<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Nuevos m\u00e9todos de pretratamiento de muestra para el an\u00e1lisis de alimentos mediante cromatograf\u00edal\u00edquida. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Juan a Gema Ferez Melgarejo <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 06\/06\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Natalia Campillo Seva<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: manuel Hern\u00e1ndez c\u00f3rdoba <\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Gonzalez Carlos (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>esmeralda Millan millan (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Fenoll serrano (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Juan a Gema Ferez Melgarejo Resumen: se presentan los resultados obtenidos al estudiar diferentes combinaciones instrumentales entre 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