{"id":115920,"date":"2018-03-11T10:44:41","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:44:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/automatizacion-del-control-de-calidad-global-y-exhaustiva-de-productos-hortofruta%c2%adcolas-mediante-tecnicas-laser-no-destructivas\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:44:41","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:44:41","slug":"automatizacion-del-control-de-calidad-global-y-exhaustiva-de-productos-hortofruta%c2%adcolas-mediante-tecnicas-laser-no-destructivas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/murcia\/automatizacion-del-control-de-calidad-global-y-exhaustiva-de-productos-hortofruta%c2%adcolas-mediante-tecnicas-laser-no-destructivas\/","title":{"rendered":"Automatizaci\u00f3n del control de calidad global y exhaustiva de productos hortofrut\u00edcolas mediante t\u00e9cnicas l\u00e1ser no destructivas"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Felix Antonio Navas Moya <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Objetivos. debido a la importancia comercial del subsector hortofrut\u00edcola en la regi\u00f3n de murcia esta tesis ha estado encaminada a la obtenci\u00f3n de un modelo que posibilite la construcci\u00f3n de sistemas autom\u00e1ticos de clasificaci\u00f3n no destructivos aplicables a productos hortofrut\u00edcolas, fundamentados en tecnolog\u00eda l\u00e1ser y con control de par\u00e1metros de calidad global, mediante la configuraci\u00f3n un modelo \u00f3ptico e inform\u00e1tico, potencialmente transferible a las industrias de manipulaci\u00f3n de productos hortofrut\u00edcolas. metodolog\u00eda. en primer lugar se revisaron los m\u00e9todos f\u00edsicos ya existentes para la determinaci\u00f3n no destructiva de par\u00e1metros internos en productos hortofrut\u00edcolas, tales como resonancia magn\u00e9tica, vibraci\u00f3n ac\u00fastica, impacto y espectrom\u00e9tricos, entre otros, concluyendo que los m\u00e9todos espectrosc\u00f3picos, que emplean el rango visible y de infrarrojo cercano, son los id\u00f3neos para conseguir modelos automatizables, f\u00e1cilmente controlables y manipulables con sistemas inform\u00e1ticos. En los m\u00e9todos espectrosc\u00f3picos la configuraci\u00f3n de medida adoptada, considerando a \u00e9sta como la posici\u00f3n relativa entre el producto hortofrut\u00edcola y los detectores \u00f3pticos, es de cr\u00edtica importancia. Por este motivo se utilizaron y confrontaron medidas de transmisi\u00f3n y transflectancia (a 45 y 90\u00c2\u00ba). As\u00ed mismo se emple\u00f3 un l\u00e1ser como fuente de  radiaci\u00f3n visible e infrarroja para superar el principal inconveniente de estos m\u00e9todos, que es el del poco poder de penetraci\u00f3n en los tejidos que se obtiene con las l\u00e1mparas o leds.  en segundo lugar, para caracterizar la calidad de productos hortofrut\u00edcolas, de los atributos internos caracter\u00edsticos empleados convencionalmente se registraron los de ph, acidez, dureza superficial o punci\u00f3n, firmeza, grados brix, residuo seco y color interno. Estos se han determinado con las t\u00e9cnicas qu\u00edmicas y f\u00edsicas correspondientes, tales como valoraci\u00f3n de acidez, penetrometr\u00eda, refractometr\u00eda y colorimetr\u00eda.  en tercer lugar, con objeto de encontrar relaci\u00f3n entre los espectros observados y los atributos medidos, los datos se han procesado inform\u00e1ticamente mediante la aplicaci\u00f3n de m\u00e9todos matem\u00e1ticos lineales y no lineales, llegando a caracterizar cada propiedad con un coeficiente de correlaci\u00f3n caracter\u00edstico.   finalmente, en base a los ensayos realizados y la configuraci\u00f3n obtenida, el modelo \u00f3ptico e inform\u00e1tico desarrollado se ha implementado sobre una l\u00ednea piloto potencialmente transferible a las industrias de manipulaci\u00f3n de productos hortofrut\u00edcolas.  conclusiones. los m\u00e9todos de c\u00e1lculo no lineales muestran valores de dispersi\u00f3n menores, pero de cara a su empleo en sistemas autom\u00e1ticos suponen el registro del rango espectral completo, implicando, entre otras cosas, superiores tiempos de procesado y c\u00e1lculo que los requeridos por m\u00e9todos lineales, equipamientos m\u00e1s costosos e implementaciones m\u00e1s complejas, concluyendo que esto los sit\u00faa en clara desventaja para el an\u00e1lisis en tiempo real como requieren los sistemas autom\u00e1ticos de clasificaci\u00f3n.  la aplicaci\u00f3n del modelo de propagaci\u00f3n de la radiaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de las muestras implica la modificaci\u00f3n del valor espectral registrado aunque se ha concluido que dicha normalizaci\u00f3n no resulta significativa, poniendo de relieve la preponderancia de las caracter\u00edsticas internas, sobre el calibre.  el uso de los modelos lineales permite la reducci\u00f3n del n\u00famero de longitudes de onda para caracterizar propiedades mediante m\u00e9todos no destructivos, al utilizar unas pocas frecuencias. Esto hace posible la implementaci\u00f3n en un prototipo de forma que reduce su complejidad, permite la utilizaci\u00f3n de l\u00e1seres de bajo costo, minimiza los tiempos de procesado y c\u00e1lculo y por tanto facilita la incorporaci\u00f3n de un sistema basado en esta tecnolog\u00eda en la industria, susceptible de aplicarse a otros productos hortofrut\u00edcolas teniendo en cuenta el  grosor de la corteza, la presencia o no de hueso o semillas en su interior, tama\u00f1o global de la muestra y las caracter\u00edsticas de transmisi\u00f3n espectral del tejido constituyente.  goals . due to the commercial importance of the horticultural sub-sector in the region of murcia this thesis has been aimed at obtaining an optical configuration and a computing model which establish an automated nondestructive classification system applicable to horticultural products, based on laser technology and on parameters of overall quality control, potentially transferable to industries of produce handling.  methods. first, physical methods for non-destructive determination of internal parameters in horticultural products, such as magnetic resonance spectrometric, acoustic vibration , impact, etc., Were checked, concluding that spectroscopic methods which employ visible and near infrared  wavelengths are suitable for obtaining automatable  systems which are manipulable and easily controlled by computer models. In spectroscopic methods, the measurement setting ( relative position between the horticultural produce and optical detectors) became critical. For this reason transmission and transflectance measurements ( 45 and 90\u00c2\u00ba ) were used . Likewise, a laser was used as source of visible and infrared light to overcome the main drawback of these methods, the low penetration obtained with lamps or leds in tissues.  second, to characterize the quality of horticultural products, conventional characteristic internal attributes , such as ph , acidity, surface hardness or puncture , firmness, brix value, dry matter and internal color, were recorded. These were determined with appropriate chemical and physical techniques, such as assessment of acidity, penetrometry, refractometry and colorimetry.  third, in order to find a relationship between the observed spectra and the measured attributes, data were computer-processed by applying linear and non-linear mathematical methods to characterize each property with a characteristic coefficient of correlation.  finally, based on the tests performed and the configuration obtained, the optical and computing model developed has been implemented on a pilot line, potentially transferable to industries produce handling.   conclusions. nonlinear computing methods show lower standard deviation values than the linear ones, however its use in automatic systems involve the registration of the complete spectral range, and imply , inter alia, more expensive equipment, more complex implementations and higher processing times than those by linear methods, concluding that they are not appropriate for the real time analysis required by automatic classification systems.  recorded spectral values were modified by applying the model of propagation of the radiation through the samples. However, it was found that such standardization is not significant, highlighting the preponderance of internal features about  the size.  linear models allow the reduction on the number of wavelengths to characterize properties by nondestructive methods, by using a few frequencies. Now it is possible to implement a prototype that is less complex , allows the use of inexpensive lasers, minimizes the processing time and calculations, and allows to incorporate in the industry this kind of technology , which is  applicable to other horticultural products, taking into account the thickness of the bark , the presence or absence of bone or seeds inside , overall size of the sample and the spectral transmission characteristics of the constituent tissue.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Automatizaci\u00f3n del control de calidad global y exhaustiva de productos hortofrut\u00edcolas mediante t\u00e9cnicas l\u00e1ser no destructivas<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Automatizaci\u00f3n del control de calidad global y exhaustiva de productos hortofrut\u00edcolas mediante t\u00e9cnicas l\u00e1ser no destructivas <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Felix Antonio Navas Moya <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 27\/06\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Lu\u00eds Manuel Tom\u00e1s Balibrea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: manuel Hern\u00e1ndez c\u00f3rdoba <\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Luis Alonso hernandez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda dolores G\u00f3mez l\u00f3pez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Luis Mu\u00f1oz lozano (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Felix Antonio Navas Moya Objetivos. debido a la importancia comercial del subsector hortofrut\u00edcola en la regi\u00f3n de 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