{"id":116150,"date":"2018-03-11T10:45:07","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/sistemas-de-microextracion-para-la-determinacion-de-trazas-de-especies-inorganicas-mediante-espectrometria-de-absorcion-atomica\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:45:07","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:45:07","slug":"sistemas-de-microextracion-para-la-determinacion-de-trazas-de-especies-inorganicas-mediante-espectrometria-de-absorcion-atomica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/quimica-analitica\/sistemas-de-microextracion-para-la-determinacion-de-trazas-de-especies-inorganicas-mediante-espectrometria-de-absorcion-atomica\/","title":{"rendered":"Sistemas de microextraci\u00f3n para la determinaci\u00f3n de trazas de especies inorg\u00e1nicas mediante espectrometr\u00eda de absorci\u00f3n at\u00f3mica"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Yesica Vicente Martinez <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>En esta memoria se abordan distintas metodolog\u00edas de microextracci\u00f3n acopladas a espectrometr\u00eda de absorci\u00f3n at\u00f3mica con calentamiento electrot\u00e9rmico (etaas) para la determinaci\u00f3n y especiaci\u00f3n de algunos elementos met\u00e1licos en bebidas y alimentos. Primeramente se estudia el empleo de l\u00edquidos i\u00f3nicos (ils). Con el fin de conseguir una m\u00e1xima eficiencia y la inmediata extracci\u00f3n del analito, se recurre al empleo de una reacci\u00f3n de intercambio i\u00f3nico entre los iones constituyentes del il. Para la extracci\u00f3n de especies met\u00e1licas se forman primero complejos neutros con ligandos org\u00e1nicos. Mediante esta l\u00ednea de trabajo se desarrolla un procedimiento de especiaci\u00f3n no cromatogr\u00e1fica  para la determinaci\u00f3n de cr(iii) y cr(vi) en aguas y lixiviados obtenidos de las pinturas que recubren algunos juguetes. Sobre estas mismas matrices se proponen asimismo procedimientos para la determinaci\u00f3n de plomo y cadmio con excelentes niveles de sensibilidad. La metodolog\u00eda de empleo de ils tambi\u00e9n se ha aplicado a la especiaci\u00f3n no cromatogr\u00e1fica de as(iii), as(v), \u00e1cido monometil ars\u00e9nico, \u00e1cido dimetil ars\u00e9nico y arsenobeta\u00edna. En este caso, los  procedimientos desarrollados son aplicados a determinaci\u00f3n de estas especies en t\u00e9. por otra parte, se estudia el empleo de la microextracci\u00f3n l\u00edquido l\u00edquido para la determinaci\u00f3n de algunas especies inorg\u00e1nicas, solubles en fase acuosa, que est\u00e1n presentes en aceites comestibles. Se pone a punto un procedimiento de microextracci\u00f3n dispersiva (dllme) r\u00e1pido y sencillo que permite alcanzar elevados factores de enriquecimiento y por tanto unos l\u00edmites de detecci\u00f3n extremadamente bajos. De esta forma y, en ocasiones, con el empleo combinado de cartuchos de extracci\u00f3n en fase s\u00f3lida, se optimiza un procedimiento no cromatogr\u00e1fico para la especiaci\u00f3n de las especies de ars\u00e9nico mencionadas anteriormente en muestras de aceite comestible, sobrenadante de conservas de pescado y perlas diet\u00e9ticas. Esta metodolog\u00eda tambi\u00e9n se ampl\u00eda a la determinaci\u00f3n de  se(iv), se(vi), selenocistina, selenometionina y selenocistamina , as\u00ed como a otros  elementos potencialmente t\u00f3xicos como plomo y cadmio en aceites comestibles.  finalmente se estudia la microextracci\u00f3n en punto de nube (cpe) para la determinaci\u00f3n y preconcentraci\u00f3n de ag(i) y nanopart\u00edculas de plata (agnps) en aguas y lixiviados de materiales tratados con agnps como agente bactericida. Aprovechando la interacci\u00f3n entre cr(iii) y las agnps se optimiza un procedimiento que permite la especiaci\u00f3n no cromatogr\u00e1fica de cr(iii) y cr(vi) utilizando las agnps como reactivo y cpe como procedimiento de preconcentraci\u00f3n. Por otra parte, el i\u00f3n cd(ii) forma un complejo neutro con pirrolid\u00edn ditiocarbamato am\u00f3nico (apdc) y puede preconcentrarse,  aunque de forma incompleta, utilizando cpe. Sin embargo, en presencia de agnps la extracci\u00f3n de cd(ii) es pr\u00e1cticamente total. Esta circunstancia permite aplicar el procedimiento desarrollado a la determinaci\u00f3n de este i\u00f3n en aguas, vino y cerveza. Con el fin de ampliar el campo de aplicaci\u00f3n de las agnps como fase s\u00f3lida para la retenci\u00f3n de analitos se ha recurrido a su funcionalizaci\u00f3n superficial con 2-mercaptoetano sulfonato s\u00f3dico (mesna). Esta idea ha servido para desarrollar procedimientos de determinaci\u00f3n de cobre y n\u00edquel, muy sensibles, en aguas, vino y cerveza. La preconcentraci\u00f3n se realiza mediante cpe con triton x-114 y la determinaci\u00f3n por etaas.  si, a su vez, las agnps funcionalizadas recubren una part\u00edcula magn\u00e9tica de ferrita, pueden separarse mediante la aplicaci\u00f3n de un campo magn\u00e9tico. Con esta metodolog\u00eda se ha estudiado la determinaci\u00f3n de diversas formas de mercurio (hg(ii), metilmercurio, dimetilmercurio, etilmercurio, fenilmercurio y difenilmercurio) con nanopart\u00edculas magn\u00e9ticas funcionalizadas con mesna y ciste\u00edna (cys). El comportamiento diferencial de estas formas qu\u00edmicas de mercurio respecto de fe3o4@ag@mesna y fe3o4@ag@cys permite medir concentraciones muy bajas  en muestras de aceite.    in this work, different microextraction methodologies coupled to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (etaas) for the determination and speciation of some metals in food and beverages are addressed. Firstly, the use of ionic liquids (ils) is studied. To obtain maximum and rapid extraction of the analyte, an ion-exchange reaction between the ions of the il, which is generated in situ, is proposed. For the extraction of metal species, several organic ligands forming neutral complexes are used. Following this methodology, a procedure for the non chromatographic speciation and determination of cr(iii) and cr(vi) in water and in the lixiviates obtained from some painted toys is developed. The same approach is used for the development of new, sensitive procedures for the determination of lead and cadmium at ultratrace levels. A chapter is devoted to the non- chromatographic speciation of as(iii), as(v) , monomethyl arsenic acid, dimethyl arsenic acid and arsenobetaine following a similar actuation way. The usefulness of the analytical procedures is proven by the determination of these species in tea samples.  on the other hand, the use of liquid-liquid microextraction methodology is proven suitable for the separation and preconcentration of some metallic species which are present in edible oils and can be extracted into an aqueous phase.  Thus, a quick and simple reverse dispersive microextraction (dllme) approach that achieves high enrichment factors, and consequently, low detection limits, is developed. In this way, and sometimes using conventional solid phase extraction cartridges, a non-chromatographic procedure for the speciation of the above mentioned arsenic-containing species in edible oils, canned fish supernatant and dietary pearls is optimized. This methodology has also been extended to the determination of se(iv), se(vi), selenocistine, selenomethionine and selenocystamine, as well as to the measurement of toxic metals (lead and cadmium) in edible oil samples.  finally, cloud point microextraction (cpe)  is studied  for the preconcentration and determination of ag (i) and silver nanoparticles (agnps) in water and lixiviates obtained from  materials to which agnps are incorporated for bactericidal purposes. Taking advantage of the interaction between cr (iii) and agnps, a procedure that uses agnps as a reagent and cpe for preconcentration and allows the non-chromatographic speciation of cr(iii) and cr(vi) is optimized. On the other hand, it was found that the neutral complex formed between cd(ii) and ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (apdc) is partially extracted by cpe but extraction is practically total when agnps are present. This fact is used to develop a sensitive procedure for cadmium determination in water, wine and beer samples. The applications of agnps are extended when these nanoparticles are functionalized with 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna). This simple treatment allows sensitive analytical procedures to be developed for the determination of copper and nickel in water, wine and beer samples. Preconcentration is carried out using cpe with triton x -114 and the final measurement, as in the rest of the procedures, is carried out by etaas . provided ferrite magnetic nanoparticles are coated with agnps, separation of the phases can be accomplished by applying a magnetic field. To take benefit of it, once the magnetic particles are coated, the resulting nanoparticles are functionalized with mesna and cysteine.  This nanomaterial interacts with several forms of mercury (hg(ii), methylmercury, dimethyl ethyl mercury, phenyl mercury and diphenylmercury).  The differential behavior of these chemical forms of mercury in respect of fe3o4@ag@mesna and fe3o4@ag@cys allows extremely low concentrations to be determined in edible oil samples.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Sistemas de microextraci\u00f3n para la determinaci\u00f3n de trazas de especies inorg\u00e1nicas mediante espectrometr\u00eda de absorci\u00f3n at\u00f3mica<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Sistemas de microextraci\u00f3n para la determinaci\u00f3n de trazas de especies inorg\u00e1nicas mediante espectrometr\u00eda de absorci\u00f3n at\u00f3mica <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Yesica Vicente Martinez <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 18\/07\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Manuel Hern\u00e1ndez C\u00f3rdoba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: Mar\u00eda  pilar Vi\u00f1as lopez-pelegrin <\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda de la luz Garc\u00eda lorenzo (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>rosa Puchades pla (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Luis Todol\u00ed torr\u00f3 (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Yesica Vicente Martinez En esta memoria se abordan distintas metodolog\u00edas de microextracci\u00f3n acopladas a espectrometr\u00eda de absorci\u00f3n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[604,8235,18],"tags":[99447,12757,198729,217540,12130,229429],"class_list":["post-116150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-espectroscopia-de-absorcion","category-murcia","category-quimica-analitica","tag-jose-luis-todoli-torro","tag-manuel-hernandez-cordoba","tag-maria-de-la-luz-garcia-lorenzo","tag-maria-pilar-vinas-lopez-pelegrin","tag-rosa-puchades-pla","tag-yesica-vicente-Martinez"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116150"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116150\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}