{"id":116224,"date":"2018-03-11T10:45:12","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:45:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/aplicacion-de-extraccion-en-fase-solida-spme-y-spe-al-control-ambiental-y-biologico-de-la-exposicion-a-agentes-qua%c2%admicos-en-ambientes-laborales\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:45:12","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:45:12","slug":"aplicacion-de-extraccion-en-fase-solida-spme-y-spe-al-control-ambiental-y-biologico-de-la-exposicion-a-agentes-qua%c2%admicos-en-ambientes-laborales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/quimica-analitica\/aplicacion-de-extraccion-en-fase-solida-spme-y-spe-al-control-ambiental-y-biologico-de-la-exposicion-a-agentes-qua%c2%admicos-en-ambientes-laborales\/","title":{"rendered":"Aplicaci\u00f3n de extracci\u00f3n en fase s\u00f3lida (spme y spe) al control ambiental y biol\u00f3gico de la exposici\u00f3n a agentes qu\u00edmicos en ambientes laborales."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Patricia Mar\u00edn Carrasco <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar y evaluar la aplicaci\u00f3n de la t\u00e9cnica de extracci\u00f3n y microextracci\u00f3n en fase s\u00f3lida (spe y spme) para el desarrollo de metodolog\u00edas de toma de muestra y an\u00e1lisis que sean \u00fatiles tanto al control ambiental como biol\u00f3gico de la exposici\u00f3n laboral a compuestos org\u00e1nicos vol\u00e1tiles.  los objetivos espec\u00edficos propuestos son los siguientes: 1.\tDesarrollar y evaluar un muestreador pasivo radial basado en spme para su aplicaci\u00f3n al control ambiental de la exposici\u00f3n, estudiando su comportamiento en concentraciones variables en el tiempo, situaci\u00f3n que es habitual en ambientes laborales. 2.\tDesarrollar y evaluar un m\u00e9todo de toma de muestra y an\u00e1lisis utilizando spme que permita llevar a cabo el control biol\u00f3gico de compuestos org\u00e1nicos mediante su an\u00e1lisis en la fracci\u00f3n final de aire exhalado. 3.\tDesarrollar y optimizar un m\u00e9todo para el an\u00e1lisis de compuestos org\u00e1nicos sin metabolizar en orina mediante spme. 4.\tEstudiar y evaluar la aplicaci\u00f3n de la t\u00e9cnica de spe para la toma de muestra en campo y la determinaci\u00f3n de estireno sin metabolizar en orina.   el dispositivo de muestreo pasivo desarrollado, basado en un prototipo de muestreador en campo de spme, utiliza como barrera de difusi\u00f3n un cilindro poroso de polietileno y, como adsorbente, una fibra de 80  m de polidimetilsiloxano\/carboxen. Se ha determinado experimentalmente la velocidad de captaci\u00f3n por difusi\u00f3n para los contaminantes estudiados mediante la generaci\u00f3n de atm\u00f3sferas controladas de concentraci\u00f3n conocida de dichos contaminantes y se han llevado a cabo ensayos con concentraciones variables. Tambi\u00e9n se ha estudiado la influencia de distintas variables como la temperatura, la humedad relativa, el tiempo de almacenamiento, la velocidad del aire, la difusi\u00f3n reversa y la adsorci\u00f3n competitiva sobre la cantidad de compuesto adsorbido por el dispositivo de muestreo. Se ha estudiado tambi\u00e9n el comportamiento del muestreador en estaciones de servicio comparado los resultados con los obtenidos con otro muestreador difusivo.  el estudio del m\u00e9todo de muestreo y an\u00e1lisis de la fracci\u00f3n final de aire exhalado, utilizando la t\u00e9cnica de spme, ha requerido la generaci\u00f3n de atm\u00f3sferas controladas con diferentes concentraciones de los contaminantes. La muestra se recoge en un bulbo de vidrio cuyos extremos se cierran una vez terminada la exhalaci\u00f3n. El m\u00e9todo se ha comparado con otro de muestreo de la fracci\u00f3n final de aire exhalado, concentraci\u00f3n en adsorbente y an\u00e1lisis mediante desorci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica. Se ha calculado la precisi\u00f3n y el l\u00edmite de detecci\u00f3n del m\u00e9todo. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de campo del sistema de medida tomando muestras de tetracloroetileno de un trabajador expuesto en una tintorer\u00eda, y de benceno, tolueno y xilenos de un grupo de trabajadores expuestos en estaciones de servicio.    entre los factores que pueden afectar a la eficiencia del m\u00e9todo de an\u00e1lisis de compuestos org\u00e1nicos sin metabolizar en orina mediante spme se encuentran el tipo de fibra, el tiempo de equilibrio o incubaci\u00f3n, la temperatura y el tiempo de extracci\u00f3n, y la presencia o ausencia de sales. Estas variables se han evaluado y optimizado mediante el dise\u00f1o experimental. Bajo las condiciones \u00f3ptimas, se ha calculado la precisi\u00f3n y el l\u00edmite de detecci\u00f3n del m\u00e9todo. Para estudiar su comportamiento, el m\u00e9todo desarrollado se ha comparado con un m\u00e9todo autom\u00e1tico de espacio de cabeza y se ha participado en un programa de intercomparaci\u00f3n.   para la aplicaci\u00f3n de cartuchos de spe para la toma de muestra en campo de orina de trabajadores se ha evaluado en primer lugar el efecto del tipo de adsorbente, el eluyente, el volumen de eluci\u00f3n, el flujo de eluci\u00f3n, y la adici\u00f3n de metanol en el disolvente de lavado, sobre la recuperaci\u00f3n de estireno sin metabolizar en orina mediante el dise\u00f1o experimental con el fin de obtener las condiciones \u00f3ptimas. Bajo estas condiciones se ha evaluado la incertidumbre global del m\u00e9todo y el l\u00edmite de detecci\u00f3n. Se ha estudiado tambi\u00e9n la estabilidad del compuesto, tanto en los cartuchos como en viales, para diferentes periodos de almacenamiento.     los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo, aplicando las t\u00e9cnicas de spe y spme, indican que las metodolog\u00edas de toma de muestra y an\u00e1lisis desarrolladas resultan \u00fatiles tanto para el control ambiental como para el biol\u00f3gico de la exposici\u00f3n laboral a compuestos org\u00e1nicos vol\u00e1tiles. Debido a que son t\u00e9cnicas no invasivas, f\u00e1cilmente accesibles para laboratorios no especializados y a que facilitan la toma de muestra, el transporte, la conservaci\u00f3n y el an\u00e1lisis -gracias a la preconcentraci\u00f3n de los analitos de inter\u00e9s- permitir\u00e1n la aplicaci\u00f3n rutinaria de estas herramientas para la evaluaci\u00f3n de la exposici\u00f3n laboral.  abstract  the aim of this work has been to study and assess the application of both solid phase extraction and microextraction techniques (spe and spme) to develop methodologies for sampling and analysis for both environmental and biological monitoring of occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds. The specific aims proposed were: 1.\tThe development and assessment of a radial diffusive sampler based on spme for its application to environmental monitoring of exposure. The behavior of the sampler under concentrations changing with time, a situation that is common in the workplace, was studied. 2.\tThe development and assessment of a spme method for the biological monitoring of organic compounds by analyzing the final fraction of exhaled air. 3.\tThe development and optimization of a method to analyze unmetabolized organic compounds in urine by spme. 4.\tThe study and assessment of the application of the spe technique for field sampling and subsequent determination of unmetabolized styrene in urine.    the sampling passive device is based on a prototype spme field sampler. It uses a porous polyethylene cylinder as the diffusive barrier and an 80  m polydimethylsiloxane\/carboxen sorbent fiber coating. The determination of the experimental diffusive uptake rates required the generation of controlled test atmospheres having different concentration of toluene and chlorobenzene. The system was used to carry out two fluctuating concentration profiles. The influence of different temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, air velocity, on the sampler behavior was also studied. Back-diffusion and competitive adsorption effects were also checked. A field sampler comparison with respect to a reference sampler was also carried out.   the method of sampling and analysis of the final fraction of the exhaled breath using spme required the generation of controlled atmospheres having different concentrations of the pollutant for the corresponding calibration curves. The sample was collected in a glass tube which ends were closed once the exhalation finished. The tube had an orifice sealed with a septum through which the fiber is inserted. A comparison with other end-exhaled air sampling method, based on sorbent concentration and thermal desorption analysis has been carried out. The precision and the limit of detection of the proposed method have been evaluated. The method has been applied to the determination of tetrachloroethylene from exhaled breath samples of an occupationally exposed person in a cleaning shop, and to the determination of benzene, toluene and xylene from exhaled breath samples from occupationally exposed workers in petrol stations.  parameters affecting the recovery of unmetabolized solvents from urine by spme, such as type of fiber, extraction temperature, equilibrium time, extraction time, salt addition, and their interactions, were investigated and optimized by experimental design methodology. Under the optimized conditions the precision and the limit of detection were studied. The performance of the method was compared with that of a method based on automatic headspace. The method has been also tested by an intercomparison programme.     the effect of sorbent type, eluting solvent, elution volume, elution flow-rate, and the addition of methanol to the washing solvent, on unmetabolized styrene recovery from urine by spe was evaluated by experimental design methodology to know the optimal conditions. Under these conditions the overall uncertainty and the limit of detection were evaluated. The effect of urine storage conditions, both in cartridges and vials, on styrene recovery has been studied.   the sampling and analysis methodologies developed when applying solid phase extraction and microextraction techniques (spe y spme) are useful both for environmental and biological monitoring of occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds. These techniques are easily accessible for a non-specialized laboratory, allowing for an easy and non invasive sampling, as well as an easy transport, storage and analysis. All these mentioned advantages facilitate their routine application to the occupational exposure assessment.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Aplicaci\u00f3n de extracci\u00f3n en fase s\u00f3lida (spme y spe) al control ambiental y biol\u00f3gico de la exposici\u00f3n a agentes qu\u00edmicos en ambientes laborales.<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Aplicaci\u00f3n de extracci\u00f3n en fase s\u00f3lida (spme y spe) al control ambiental y biol\u00f3gico de la exposici\u00f3n a agentes qu\u00edmicos en ambientes laborales. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Patricia Mar\u00edn Carrasco <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 28\/07\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Celia Ana Prado Burguete<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: manuel Hern\u00e1ndez c\u00f3rdoba <\/li>\n<li>Antonio Cardona llorens (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>alicia Huici montagud (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>isidro j. Ibarra berrocal (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Patricia Mar\u00edn Carrasco El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar y evaluar la aplicaci\u00f3n de la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1595,21525,8235,18,7395],"tags":[176392,19253,229546,63634,12757,229545],"class_list":["post-116224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analisis-cromatografico","category-hidrocarburos-aromaticos","category-murcia","category-quimica-analitica","category-salud-laboral","tag-alicia-huici-montagud","tag-antonio-cardona-llorens","tag-celia-ana-prado-burguete","tag-isidro-j-ibarra-berrocal","tag-manuel-hernandez-cordoba","tag-patricia-marin-carrasco"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116224"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116224\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}