{"id":116687,"date":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/boletus-edulis-y-cistus-ladanifer-caracterizacion-de-sus-ectomicorrizas-sintesis-in-vitro-y-area-potencial\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","slug":"boletus-edulis-y-cistus-ladanifer-caracterizacion-de-sus-ectomicorrizas-sintesis-in-vitro-y-area-potencial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/ecologia-vegetal\/boletus-edulis-y-cistus-ladanifer-caracterizacion-de-sus-ectomicorrizas-sintesis-in-vitro-y-area-potencial\/","title":{"rendered":"Boletus edulis y cistus ladanifer: caracterizacion de sus ectomicorrizas, sintesis in vitro y area potencial"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Beatriz Agueda Hernandez <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen  el grupo boletus edulis incluye cuatro especies que poseen gran importancia econ\u00f3mica por su valor gastron\u00f3mico: boletus aereus, boletus edulis, boletus pinophilus y boletus reticulatus.  Las cistaceae son plantas caracter\u00edsticas de las primeras etapas sucesionales, ecol\u00f3gicamente importantes por su papel como reservorio de in\u00f3culo de hongos ectomicorr\u00edcicos ante perturbaciones ecol\u00f3gicas.  Los carp\u00f3foros del grupo boletus edulis son recolectados en algunas regiones de la espa\u00f1a central, en zonas de matorral en las que se producen fuegos recurrentes y que est\u00e1n dominadas por cistus ladanifer.  Esta asociaci\u00f3n abre una nueva v\u00eda de desarrollo rural sostenible.  Describir sus estructuras, comprobar la viabilidad de la asociaci\u00f3n en condiciones de laboratorio y calcular su \u00e1rea potencial son pasos previos que permitir\u00e1n desarrollar su explotaci\u00f3n. los objetivos espec\u00edficos son:  1.\tRealizar la descripci\u00f3n de las ectomicorrizas de boletus edulis y cistus ladanifer. 2.\tComprobar la capacidad de las especies del grupo boletus edulis para formar ectomicorrizas con cistus sp. En condiciones de laboratorio, y realizar sus descripciones. 3.\tDefinir el \u00e1rea potencial en la que la asociaci\u00f3n entre boletus edulis y cistus ladanifer es capaz de producir carp\u00f3foros en la espa\u00f1a peninsular. la metodolog\u00eda utilizada es: 1.\tLas ectomicorrizas naturales de boletus edulis y cistus ladanifer han sido descritas en base a los est\u00e1ndares de la especialidad.  La identificaci\u00f3n del simbionte f\u00fangico fue confirmada mediante la comparaci\u00f3n de secuencias de la regi\u00f3n its del rdna. 2.\tEctomicorrizas de boletus aereus, boletus edulis y boletus reticulatus con cistus sp. Fueron sintetizadas en condicones de laboratorio utilizando tubos de s\u00edntesis rellenos con turba-vermiculita esterilizada y soluci\u00f3n de nutrientes durante 4-5 meses.  Las ectomicorrizas se describieron utilizando los est\u00e1ndares anato-morfol\u00f3gicos. 3.\tModelos de distribuci\u00f3n de especies basados en variables clim\u00e1ticas con correcci\u00f3n litol\u00f3gica fueron utilizados.  Los par\u00e1metros utilizados incluyen 19 localizaciones en las que boletus edulis es capaz de producir carp\u00f3foros en asociaci\u00f3n con cistus ladanifer. los resultados obtenidos son: 1.\tLa ectomicorriza formada entre boletus edulis y cistus ladanifer tiene los rasgos t\u00edpicos de los boletales: blanquecina, con el manto plectenquimatoso, estructuras en forma de anillo y rizomorfos con hifas diferenciadas.  Las c\u00e9lulas de la superficie de los rizomorfos ampulosas, con terminaci\u00f3n clavada; y la disposici\u00f3n de sus hifas, ligeramente retorcidas, son otros carateres adicionales.  Ninguna hifa tiene f\u00edbulas. 2.\tSe sintetizaron in vitro micorrizas de boletus aereus, boletus edulis y boletus reticulatus con cistus albidus y cistus ladanifer.  No se consigui\u00f3 la formaci\u00f3n de micorrizas de boletus pinophilus.  Las micorrizas formadas son todas muy similares, con los rasgos t\u00edpicos de los boletales. 3.\tEl nicho clim\u00e1tico de boletus edulis y cistus ladanifer es mesot\u00e9rmico, mediterr\u00e1neo y h\u00famedo.  Los suelos son fuertemente \u00e1cidos, con textura limosa, pobres en materia org\u00e1nica y con humus oligotr\u00f3fico.  De acuerdo con la curva de presencia predicha \/ esperada, el 16,3 % del \u00e1rea potencial, 1.785 km2, son considerados \u00f3ptimos para la asociaci\u00f3n entre boletus edulis y cistus ladanifer en la espa\u00f1a peninsular.    las conclusiones son: 1.\tBoletus edulis es capaz de producir ectomicorrizas y carp\u00f3foros en asociaci\u00f3n con plantas hospedantes no habituales.  Esta situaci\u00f3n favorece el mantenimiento del reservorio de in\u00f3culo en el suelo para etapas de sucesi\u00f3n posteriores y puede ser una estrategia de dispersi\u00f3n para asegurar su variaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica. 2.\tLa micorrizaci\u00f3n controlada y la instalaci\u00f3n de pl\u00e1ntulas inoculadas puede ser una forma viable y prometedora para explotar este tipo de simbiosis con beneficios econ\u00f3micos.  Para conseguirlo, es necesario realizar m\u00e1s investigaci\u00f3n y determinar m\u00e9todos de inoculaci\u00f3n apropiados con cepas compatibles, la persistencia de las ectomicorrizas en campo, y los factores que desencadenan la producci\u00f3n de carp\u00f3foros. 3.\tAunque algunos modelos regionales para ectomicorrizas han sido desarrollados en los \u00faltimos tiempos, el conocimiento de la distribuci\u00f3n y la organizaci\u00f3n de la comunidad se encuentra todav\u00eda en sus inicios.     abstract  the boletus edulis species complex includes four species: boletus aereus, boletus edulis, boletus pinophilus, and boletus reticulatus, that have the great economic importance all around the world for their edibility.  Cistaceae are plants belonging to primary succession stages, that are ecologically important because they may act as a reservoir of ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculum after a forest disturbance.  Boletus edulis sporocarps are regularly observed in certain regions of central spain, which have recurrent fires and are dominated exclusively by cistus ladanifer.  Its productive association opens a new way of sustainable rural development.  To describe its structures, to check the viability of the association under laboratory conditions and also its realized niche and climatic suitability are previous steps that will allow us to arise a new way to exploiding it. the particular aims of this work are:  1.\tTo provide a detailed description of the ectomycorrhiza of boletus edulis on cistus ladanifer. 2.\tTo test the ability of the boletus edulis species complex to form ectomycorrhizae with cistus sp. Under controlled conditions as well as provide detailed anatomical descriptions of those ectomycorrhizae. 3.\tTo define the realized niche of the ectomycorrhizal association where boletus edulis produces sporocarps associated with cistus ladanifer in peninsular spain. methods followed are: 1.\tDetailed anato-morphological description based on standars and identification of the fungal symbiont by its rdna sequence comparison of wild boletus edulis ectomycorrhiza on cistus ladanifer has been performed. 2.\tEctomycorrhizae of boletus aereus, boletus edulis, and boletus reticulatus were synthesized under laboratory conditions using synthesis tubes filled with a mixture of sterilized peat-vermiculite and nutrient solution for 4-5 months. The ectomycorrhizae formed were described based on standard characters. 3.\tSpecies distribution models based on climatic variables and corrected under lithological criteria were used.  Parameters have been obtained from various sources including 19 sites where boletus edulis sporocarps are sure to fruit in pure cistus ladanifer scrublands. reached results are: 1.\tBoletus edulis and cistus ladanifer ectomycorrhiza has traits typical of boletales: whitish with plectenchymatous mantle in plan view forming ring-like structures and rhizomorphs with highly differentiated hyphae.  The inflated, smooth cystidia-like clavate end-cells on the surface of the rhizomorphs and their slightly twisted external hyphae are additional characterizing features.  Not all hyphae have clamps. 2.\tEctomycorrhizae of boletus aereus, boletus edulis, and boletus reticulatus were synthesized in vitro with cistus albidus and cistus ladanifer.  Nevertheless, no boletus pinophilus ectomycorrhizae where formed.  The formed ectomycorrhizae were very similar, with typical traits of boletales. 3.\tThe climatic niche of boletus edulis and cistus ladanifer could be considered as mesothermal, mediterranean and humid.  Soils are strongly acid, with loam texture, low in organic matter, and in an oligotrophic mull form.  According to the presence\/expected curve, 16.3 % of the potential area, 1,785 km2, is considered to be optimal for this association in peninsular spain.    conclusions are: 1.\tBoletus edulis is able to produce ectomycorrhizae and sporocarps in association with unusual host plants.  This situation would favour the maintenance of soil inoculum reservoria for successional stages and this fact may be a dispersion strategy to assure genetic variation. 2.\tControlled mycorrhization and outplanting of inoculated seedlings might be a feasible and promising way to exploit this symbiosis providing economic benefits.  To accomplish this, further research is needed to determine the appropriate inoculation methods with compatible strains, the persistence of ectomycorrhizae on outplanted, inoculated seedlings, and the factors triggering sporocarps production. 3.\tAlthough some regional models around ectomycorrhizae have been developed over the last few years, our understanding of the distribution and community organization of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities is still in its infancy.      c\u00f3digos de t\u00e9rminos tesauro en que se encuadra la tesis para la base de datos teseo.  241406 micolog\u00eda\t241900 simbiosis\t310805 hongos\t241713 ecolog\u00eda vegetal   c\u00f3digos de clasificaci\u00f3n unesco. 2417 biolog\u00eda vegetal (bot\u00e1nica).  06 micolog\u00eda (setas).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Boletus edulis y cistus ladanifer: caracterizacion de sus ectomicorrizas, sintesis in vitro y area potencial<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Boletus edulis y cistus ladanifer: caracterizacion de sus ectomicorrizas, sintesis in vitro y area potencial <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Beatriz Agueda Hernandez <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 21\/11\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Luz Marina Fern\u00e1ndez Toir\u00e1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: mario Honrubia Garc\u00eda <\/li>\n<li>Juan  Jos\u00e9 Barriuso vargas (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>celeste Santos-silva (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>julio Javier D\u00edez casero (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Beatriz Agueda Hernandez Resumen el grupo boletus edulis incluye cuatro especies que poseen gran importancia econ\u00f3mica por [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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