{"id":116688,"date":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/analisis-de-factores-peri-concepcionales-que-influyen-en-la-proporcion-del-sexo-en-el-raton\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","slug":"analisis-de-factores-peri-concepcionales-que-influyen-en-la-proporcion-del-sexo-en-el-raton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/reproduccion-animal\/analisis-de-factores-peri-concepcionales-que-influyen-en-la-proporcion-del-sexo-en-el-raton\/","title":{"rendered":"An\u00e1lisis de factores peri-concepcionales que influyen en la proporci\u00f3n del sexo en el rat\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tesis doctoral de Ricardo Alonso Laguna Barraza <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Resumen introducci\u00f3n: la proporci\u00f3n de sexos est\u00e1 distribuida de forma equilibrada en la mayor parte de las especies, y generalmente est\u00e1 determinada por el sexo heterogam\u00e9tico. En mam\u00edferos, los ovocitos producidos por las hembras mantienen siempre la misma carga cromos\u00f3mica sexual (cromosoma "x"), y son los machos, con una dotaci\u00f3n cromos\u00f3mica distinta en sus gametos (cromosomas "x" e "y") los que determinan el sexo. Durante la espermatog\u00e9nesis se produce igual cantidad de gametos portadores del cromosoma "x" e "y", por lo que la probabilidad de tener una cr\u00eda macho o una cr\u00eda hembra por cada evento de fecundaci\u00f3n en especies monotocas o politocas ser\u00eda del 50%. Sin embargo, los datos obtenidos por los registros en muchas especies nos muestran que no siempre la proporci\u00f3n de los sexos es equilibrada al 50%. en la literatura se han descrito muchos factores que podr\u00edan tener influencia directa o indirecta en el desequilibrio de la proporci\u00f3n de sexos. A pesar de ello, hasta la fecha se desconocen con precisi\u00f3n los mecanismos por los cuales se produce este fen\u00f3meno. objetivo: la presente tesis propone analizar distintos factores y posibles mecanismos que pueden estar relacionados con la proporci\u00f3n de sexos. metodolog\u00eda: en nuestro estudio, utilizamos un modelo rat\u00f3n transg\u00e9nico que posee una secuencia marcadora integrada en el cromosoma "x", y hemos analizado en primer lugar la posible distorsi\u00f3n primaria y secundaria del sexo debida a la presencia del transg\u00e9n. As\u00ed como la calidad embrionaria medida en n\u00famero de c\u00e9lulas del blastocisto. Analizamos el efecto de la dieta durante los periodos de pre-implantaci\u00f3n y post-implantaci\u00f3n, tomando en consideraci\u00f3n la lateralidad (origen ov\u00e1rico o uterino). Se estudiaron las relaciones que existen entre la ovariectom\u00eda y la compensaci\u00f3n hormonal ov\u00e1rica, la proporci\u00f3n del sexo y la posici\u00f3n adoptada en el \u00fatero por cada uno de los sexos. Se analiz\u00f3 si exist\u00eda una relaci\u00f3n entre la velocidad de desarrollo pre-implantacional (segunda divisi\u00f3n mit\u00f3tica embrionaria y posterior desarrollo a blastocisto) y la calidad y el sexo de los embriones producidos in vivo. resultados y discusi\u00f3n: en el cap\u00edtulo i. Se observ\u00f3 que esta modificaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica, no alteraba las proporciones primaria ni secundaria de sexos, ni el n\u00famero celular de embriones pre-implantacionales, y debido a ello, consideramos el factor transg\u00e9nico como no determinante en la proporci\u00f3n de los sexos. en el cap\u00edtulo ii se encontraron diferencias de proporci\u00f3n del sexo cuando se registraron los datos del lado de procedencia (derecho o izquierdo), principalmente en estadios cercanos al momento de la fecundaci\u00f3n, y en ratonas de menor constituci\u00f3n f\u00edsica. Estas diferencias se correlacionan con la perdida embrionaria y dejan de ser significativas cuando se observaban estas proporciones de manera global. en el cap\u00edtulo iii, no se encontraron diferencias en las proporciones de machos y hembras entre las hemi-ovariectom\u00edas derecha e izquierda. Sin embargo los resultados muestran una preferencia de las hembras a implantar en secciones uterinas cercanas al c\u00e9rvix, siendo estas hembras de un peso inferior al resto de hembras implantadas en otras secciones del \u00fatero. por \u00faltimo, en el cap\u00edtulo iv, nuestros resultados no indican una diferencia de la proporci\u00f3n del sexo en los embriones recuperados en el paso de 2 a 3 c\u00e9lulas, ni tampoco en la velocidad de desarrollo a blastocisto. Solamente se observ\u00f3 una mayor proporci\u00f3n de hembras en los embriones que m\u00e1s lentamente se divid\u00edan a 3 c\u00e9lulas y posteriormente tardaban m\u00e1s en llegar al estadio de blastocisto. Tambi\u00e9n se observ\u00f3 una relaci\u00f3n entre la calidad embrionaria definida por la expresi\u00f3n de marcadores de pluripotencia y la velocidad de divisi\u00f3n pre-implantacional. summary introduction: sex ratio is equally distributed in most species, and it is generally determined by the heterogametic sex. In mammals, oocytes produced by females always keep the same chromosomal sex (chromosome "x"); however, the males, with a different chromosome in their gametes (chromosomes "x" and "y")determine the sex. During spermatogenesis, equal number of gametes carrying the chromosome "x" and "y" is produced. According to mendelian's genetic, the chance of breeding a male or a female pup per fertilization event in polytocous and monotocous species would be 50%. However, the data obtained in many species show that not always the sex ratio is balanced at 50%. in the literature, many factors that could have a direct or indirect influence on the imbalance of the sex ratio have been described. However, the precise mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs is still unknown. objetive: this thesis aims to analyze various factors and possible mechanisms that may be related to the sex ratio. methods: in our study, we used a transgenic mouse model that presents a marker sequence integrated in the "x" chromosome, and we first analyzed the possible primary and secondary sex distortion due to the presence of the transgene, as well as embryo quality measured by the number of cells of the blastocyst. We analyzed the effect of diet during pre-implantation and post-implantation periods, considering laterality (ovarian or uterine origin). The relationship between ovariectomy and ovarian hormonal balance, sex proportion and position in the uterus for each of the sexes were studied. We analyzed whether there was a relationship between the rate of preimplantation development (second mitotic division and subsequent embryo development to blastocyst) and the quality and sex of embryos produced in vivo. results and discussion: in chapter i, it was noted that this genetic modification did not alter the sex ratio primary or secondary, or cell number of pre-implantation embryos, and because of this, we considered the transgenic factor as non-determinant in the sex ratio. in chapter ii, differences in sex ratio were found when the data of the source side (right or left) were recorded, mainly in stages near to the time of fertilization, and in mice with minor physical condition. These differences were correlated with embryonic loss and were not significantly different when these ratios were observed globally. in chapter iii, no differences in the proportions of males and females between the right and left hemi-ovariectomy were found. However, the results showed that females had a tendency to implant in sections close to uterine cervix, presenting a lower weight than those females implanted elsewhere in the uterus. finally, in chapter iv, our results do not show a difference in the sex ratio in embryos recovered in the 2 to 3-cells stage, nor on the rate of development to blastocyst. It was only observed a higher proportion of females in embryos that arrived to the 3-cell stage the slowest and subsequently took longer to reach the blastocyst stage. A relationship between the embryo quality defined by the expression of markers of pluripotency and by the preimplantation speed division was also observed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00abAn\u00e1lisis de factores peri-concepcionales que influyen en la proporci\u00f3n del sexo en el rat\u00f3n<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 An\u00e1lisis de factores peri-concepcionales que influyen en la proporci\u00f3n del sexo en el rat\u00f3n <\/li>\n
  • Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Ricardo Alonso Laguna Barraza <\/li>\n
  • Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n
  • Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 21\/11\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n
        \n
      • Alfonso Gutierrez Ad\u00e1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Tribunal<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • Presidente del tribunal: joaquin jeronimo Gadea mateos <\/li>\n
        • Juli\u00e1n Santiago moreno (vocal)<\/li>\n
        • carmen Diez monforte (vocal)<\/li>\n
        • dimitrios Rizos (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Tesis doctoral de Ricardo Alonso Laguna Barraza Resumen introducci\u00f3n: la proporci\u00f3n de sexos est\u00e1 distribuida de forma equilibrada en la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[8235,3275],"tags":[9139,94023,126146,187770,62878,230256],"class_list":["post-116688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-murcia","category-reproduccion-animal","tag-alfonso-gutierrez-adan","tag-carmen-diez-monforte","tag-dimitrios-rizos","tag-joaquin-jeronimo-gadea-mateos","tag-julian-santiago-moreno","tag-ricardo-alonso-laguna-barraza"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116688"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116688\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}