{"id":116732,"date":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/estudio-de-la-variabilidad-qua%c2%admica-propiedades-antioxidantes-y-biocidas-de-poblaciones-espontaneas-de-rosmarinus-officinalis-l-en-la-region-de-murcia\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:45:57","slug":"estudio-de-la-variabilidad-qua%c2%admica-propiedades-antioxidantes-y-biocidas-de-poblaciones-espontaneas-de-rosmarinus-officinalis-l-en-la-region-de-murcia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/fisiologia-vegetal\/estudio-de-la-variabilidad-qua%c2%admica-propiedades-antioxidantes-y-biocidas-de-poblaciones-espontaneas-de-rosmarinus-officinalis-l-en-la-region-de-murcia\/","title":{"rendered":"Estudio de la variabilidad qu\u00edmica, propiedades antioxidantes y biocidas de poblaciones espont\u00e1neas de rosmarinus officinalis l. en la regi\u00f3n de murcia"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Vanesa Lax Vivancos <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>La regi\u00f3n de murcia se caracteriza por poseer una gran abundancia de flora arom\u00e1tica espont\u00e1nea, entre la que destaca la especie rosmarinus officinalis l., Dada su riqueza en principios activos con elevadas actividades biol\u00f3gicas, es considerada por numerosas empresas e industrias del pa\u00eds, como una importante fuente de materia prima.  la demanda cada vez mayor de productos con actividad biosaludable, lleva las industrias farmac\u00e9uticas y cosm\u00e9ticas a retomar el estudio de estas plantas. Esta reintroducci\u00f3n de los extractos de romero en el mercado se debe en gran medida a la identificaci\u00f3n de determinados compuestos qu\u00edmicos, que parecen ser los principales responsables de la aplicaci\u00f3n tradicional de estas plantas para tratar ciertas clases de dolencias y enfermedades.  el romero, a diferencia de otras especies arom\u00e1ticas, no se encuentra establecido como un cultivo comercial todav\u00eda en espa\u00f1a. El material utilizado por la industria procede mayoritariamente de su recolecci\u00f3n en monte, lo que origina problemas de disponibilidad y homogeneidad en la calidad de las producciones.   el estudio del perfil qu\u00edmico en plantas de romero procedentes de diferentes regiones muestra la diferente composici\u00f3n cuantitativa, e incluso en ocasiones cualitativa, existente. Esta heterogeneidad, seg\u00fan origen, debe ser un factor a tener en cuenta, ya que afecta tanto a la calidad de los extractos, como a la actividad de los mismos. Hasta el momento, se cree que factores abi\u00f3ticos y gen\u00e9ticos son los principales responsables de estas variaciones en composici\u00f3n.   es por esto que la presente tesis aborda, como factor diferenciador, el estudio de la variabilidad que la naturaleza ofrece, analizando de forma individual plantas de romero. La correlaci\u00f3n entre el \u00e1rea de procedencia, la composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica y la actividad biol\u00f3gica (medida como capacidad antioxidante y antimicrobiana), nos permitir\u00e1 tener una idea m\u00e1s acertada de c\u00f3mo influyen los factores ambientales en los extractos y aceites finalmente obtenidos.   para llevar a cabo este proyecto se ha procedido al estudio de 150 plantas de romero procedentes de cinco pisos bioclim\u00e1ticos definidos en nuestra regi\u00f3n.   los resultados obtenidos confirman que los factores gen\u00e9ticos podr\u00edan jugar un papel muy importante en la elevada variabilidad qu\u00edmica detectada incluso entre individuos pertenecientes a una misma poblaci\u00f3n. Esta heterogeneidad impide asociar quimiotipos o composiciones polifen\u00f3licas espec\u00edficas a determinadas \u00e1reas bioclim\u00e1ticas. Sin embargo, ofrece la ventaja de correlacionar perfiles qu\u00edmicos diferentes con marcadas actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas.   de los principales resultados, se concluye, que aceites esenciales con quimiotipos ricos en 1,8-cineol y ?-Pineno presentan elevada capacidad bactericida frente a pat\u00f3genos de alimentos. A su vez, la presencia, en los extractos polifen\u00f3licos, de carnosol en concentraciones superiores a las de su precursor \u00e1cido carn\u00f3sico incrementa significativamente su actividad bacteriost\u00e1tica.   en cuanto a la capacidad antioxidante, fundamentalmente  asociada a los extractos polifen\u00f3licos, se comprueba que a igualdad de concentraci\u00f3n de \u00e1cido rosmar\u00ednico, la relaci\u00f3n de concentraci\u00f3n entre los dos componentes -\u00e1cido carn\u00f3sico y carnosol- con mayor actividad no afecta a esta propiedad.  como objetivo final de la presente memoria de tesis se contempla la transferencia del conocimiento al sector agroalimentario. La selecci\u00f3n de plantas con m\u00e1ximos rendimientos y actividades biol\u00f3gicas  atendiendo al piso bioclim\u00e1tico de procedencia, permitir\u00eda su posible establecimiento como cultivo comercial. Se confirma que en zonas con bajos \u00edndices de termicidad y en el estad\u00edo de fructificaci\u00f3n, se obtienen los m\u00e1ximos rendimientos en aceite esencial; sin embargo, para los extractos polifen\u00f3licos, los m\u00e1ximos rendimientos y actividades se alcanzan en plantas ubicadas fundamentalmente en el piso termomediterr\u00e1neo inferior.   por lo tanto, en la regi\u00f3n de murcia, el piso termomediterr\u00e9neo superior parece ser el m\u00e1s indicado para el establecimiento de estos cultivos, con la finalidad de obtener m\u00e1ximo rendimiento y calidad en sus producciones.   the province of murcia, in south-eastern spain, is well known for its abundance of spontaneous aromatic plants. Among the different species, rosemary should be highlighted, mainly because of its characteristic chemical profile, in which many active components have proved to exhibit important biological activities. This is probably the main reason why rosemary is an important source of raw materials for several companies and industries in spain.  the increasing demand for natural products with bio-healthy activities for use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries has led to a re-initiation of the study of rosemary, whose introduction to the global market is related to the new chemical structures that have been identified in its extracts &#8211; active components that are probably the basis of the plant&apos;s use in folk medicine.    rosemary has not been established as a commercial crop in spain, and the main source of raw material for industry is still the spontaneous populations, which would explain the lack of availability and homogeneity of the product at certain times during the year.   according to the scientific literature, the geographical area in which rosemary grows dramatically affects its chemical composition. Such variability should be taken into account, since the quality and biological activity of rosemary extracts vary, depending on their composition. To date, it has been thought that abiotic and genetic variations are two of the principal factors responsible for this heterogeneity.  based on the above, the present doctoral thesis addresses, as a novelty, the chemical variability exhibited by individual plants belonging to spontaneous rosemary populations. The correlation between the growing area, the chemical composition and the biological properties (measured as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities) has allowed us to increase the knowledge available about how these environmental factors affect the quality of the essential oil and polyphenolic extracts obtained from rosemary.     for this thesis, a total of 150 individual plants were harvested from five different bio-climatic areas of the province of murcia.   among the major results is that genetic factors are confirmed as having a relevant impact on the chemical variability detected, even among individuals belonging to the same population. This heterogeneity does not allow for the establishment of any possible relation between specific essential oil chemotypes or polyphenolic compositions and particular bioclimatic areas. Nevertheless, this situation opens up the opportunity to correlate the different chemical profiles observed with some of rosemary&apos;s outstanding antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.  along this line, the presence of eucalyptol and ?-Pinene as the major components in the volatile fractions increases the bactericide capacity shown by these oils against food-borne pathogens. Also, and related to the polyphenolic fractions, higher bacteriostatic activities were observed when the concentration of carnosol was higher than that of its corresponding precursor, carnosic acid.  with respect to the antioxidant activity, which is mainly related to the polyphenolic fraction in rosemary, at equal rosmarinic acid amounts the relative concentrations of carnosic acid and carnosol do not affect to this bioactivity.   the transfer of new knowledge to the agricultural and food industry sectors is another goal of the present thesis. The selection of individual plants with the highest yields and biological should allow for the establishment of commercial crops in the future.   low thermicity indexes favoured the production of the essential oil yielded by rosemary plants during the phenological stage of fruit maturation. Contrary to this, and related to the polyphenolic fraction, the highest yields and biological activities were reached by plants taken from the lower thermo-mediterranean area.   hence, in the province of murcia, the best yields and quality will be obtained if rosemary plants are established commercially in the upper thermo-mediterranean areas of the same.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Estudio de la variabilidad qu\u00edmica, propiedades antioxidantes y biocidas de poblaciones espont\u00e1neas de rosmarinus officinalis l. en la regi\u00f3n de murcia<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Estudio de la variabilidad qu\u00edmica, propiedades antioxidantes y biocidas de poblaciones espont\u00e1neas de rosmarinus officinalis l. en la regi\u00f3n de murcia <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Vanesa Lax Vivancos <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 28\/11\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Jord\u00e1n Bueso<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: pedro S\u00e1nchez g\u00f3mez <\/li>\n<li>rosa Mar\u00eda Mart\u00ednez rodr\u00edguez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jaime Usano alemany (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  del pilar Flores fernandez-villamil (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Vanesa Lax Vivancos La regi\u00f3n de murcia se caracteriza por poseer una gran abundancia de flora arom\u00e1tica 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