{"id":116824,"date":"2014-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-12-12T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/aportaciones-a-la-crioconservacion-de-gametos-masculinos-en-la-raza-bovina-murciano-levantina-recongelacion-de-espermatozoides\/"},"modified":"2014-12-12T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-12-12T00:00:00","slug":"aportaciones-a-la-crioconservacion-de-gametos-masculinos-en-la-raza-bovina-murciano-levantina-recongelacion-de-espermatozoides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/fisiologia-animal\/aportaciones-a-la-crioconservacion-de-gametos-masculinos-en-la-raza-bovina-murciano-levantina-recongelacion-de-espermatozoides\/","title":{"rendered":"Aportaciones a la crioconservaci\u00f3n de gametos masculinos en la raza bovina murciano levantina: recongelaci\u00f3n de espermatozoides"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Laura Almela Veracruz <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>La raza bovina murciano levantina (ml) se utilizaba para labores agr\u00edcolas por su aptitud de trabajo. Hoy se encuentra en peligro de extinci\u00f3n por p\u00e9rdida de utilidad ante la aparici\u00f3n de maquinaria agr\u00edcola. Los escasos criadores que la mantienen, no se dedican a la producci\u00f3n de ganado bovino, siendo los aspectos del folclore regional los que la hacen acorde con su aptitud de tracci\u00f3n.   el banco de germoplasma de la raza se inici\u00f3 en el a\u00f1o 2000 y en la actualidad hay 7280 dosis seminales congeladas y almacenadas en n2l, pertenecientes a 13 toros ml, todos ellos muy emparentados. Con estas dosis se atiende tanto a la conservaci\u00f3n in vivo, por cesi\u00f3n a los ganaderos y obtenci\u00f3n de nuevos reproductores, como a la conservaci\u00f3n ex situ in vitro para la futura reconstrucci\u00f3n de la raza en caso necesario; aunque el n\u00famero de toros es insuficiente, puesto que se requiere semen de 25 toros conservados in vitro. El almacenamiento de dosis seminales es costoso por el aumento continuo de los precios del n2l y actualmente existen m\u00e9todos para disminuir las necesidades de gametos masculinos; el sexado esperm\u00e1tico disminuir\u00eda a la mitad estos gastos, aunque posteriormente ser\u00eda necesaria la recongelaci\u00f3n de los gametos.  los objetivos del presente trabajo son conseguir eficacia y eficiencia en el semen recongelado, disminuyendo el n\u00famero de dosis seminales almacenadas, que ser\u00edan descongeladas del banco de germoplasma, y a las que se les aplicar\u00eda un tratamiento similar al requerido por la tecnolog\u00eda de sexado esperm\u00e1tico; siendo un objetivo derivado el estudio con t\u00e9cnicas convencionales del semen recongelado y relacionar los par\u00e1metros de calidad seminal del semen recongelado con aquellos toros que alcancen mejores valores de fertilidad con semen solamente congelado. Otro objetivo es poner a punto una t\u00e9cnica de recongelaci\u00f3n que permita almacenar dosis seminales de forma m\u00e1s eficiente.   en este trabajo se han utilizado los datos procesados de dosis seminales de 12 toros de esta raza y los espermatozoides congelados pertenecientes a 6 de esos toros. Los m\u00e9todos de estudio del eyaculado y de las dosis seminales son los convencionales para la especie bovina. Las t\u00e9cnicas de congelaci\u00f3n y recongelaci\u00f3n utilizadas son las mismas que para el banco de germoplasma. En las experiencias de aplicaci\u00f3n de fr\u00edo, el semen descongelado fue sometido a una recongelaci\u00f3n despu\u00e9s de haber sufrido un tratamiento (ct), o bien recongelado sin tratamiento (st). Para conocer el valor de los par\u00e1metros estudiados han sido utilizadas t\u00e9cnicas de microscop\u00eda \u00f3ptica y fluorescencia, resistencia en ba\u00f1o de agua termost\u00e1tico, tinciones de e-n, ip, lectinas, azul de toluidina e ia con semen redescongelado a siete novillas de la raza frisona.  en el ganado murciano levantino existe variabilidad en los valores promedio de calidad seminal entre los sementales, aunque esto no es debido a la edad. Adem\u00e1s, no existen diferencias rese\u00f1ables en los valores promedio de los par\u00e1metros de semen procedente del primer y segundo eyaculado de cada toro.  el an\u00e1lisis de los resultados permite conocer el da\u00f1o en los espermatozoides durante la recongelaci\u00f3n, siendo la calidad seminal en el semen descongelado superior a la del redescongelado; con gran variabilidad entre toros. Un semental present\u00f3 mejores valores para los par\u00e1metros tras la congelaci\u00f3n y redescongelaci\u00f3n, aunque en alg\u00fan par\u00e1metro no hubo diferencias en ning\u00fan toro. Las anomal\u00edas esperm\u00e1ticas frecuentemente encontradas fueron las &quot;colas en l\u00e1tigo&quot;, pero ligeramente inferiores en el semen recongelado ct.  la inseminaci\u00f3n de 7 novillas frisonas proporcion\u00f3 un porcentaje de fertilidad del semen recongelado st del 57&apos;1%, lo que concluye que la recongelaci\u00f3n esperm\u00e1tica se puede utilizar como t\u00e9cnica de predicci\u00f3n de la fertilidad y ser utilizada para la conservaci\u00f3n in vitro.  8. Summary  the murciano levantina (ml) bovine breed used to be employed for farming purposes because of their work aptitude. Nowadays, it is an endangered breed because it is no longer used for the mentioned purposes due to the arrival of technology and farming equipment. In addition, there are few ml bovine breeders and this is not their main occupation. This breed is mainly used during popular celebrations and festivals for transport.  the germplasm bank breed has been carried out since 2000 and currently, there are 7280 seminal doses of 13 ml bulls with high consanguinity among them. With these doses it is possible to carry out both in vivo conservation, cession to the breeders and new breeding males; and ex situ in vitro conservation for the future reconstruction of the race -if necessary. Although the number of seminal doses may seem enough for the recovery of the breed in the future, the number of bulls is not sufficient, because the in vitro cryopreservation of spermatozoa belonging to, at least, 25 bulls is necessary. The storage of seminal doses implies more maintenance costs because of the continued increase in prices; currently there are some methods to reduce the male gametes necessities; the sexing sperm could reduce in the middle these expenses, although, afterwards could be necessary the gametes refreezing.  the objectives of the present work are to obtain effectiveness and efficiency in refrozen semen, diminishing the number of frozen seminal doses stored at the germplasm bank, which would receive a treatment similar to that required by sexing technologies; being a derivative objective to study the usage of conventional technologies of refrozen semen, connecting the refrozen seminal quality parameters with the best fertility parameters in frozen semen. Another goal is the development of a refreezing technique that allows the storage of seminal doses more efficiently.  \tin this work we have used the processed data of seminal doses belonging to 12 bulls of that breed and the frozen spermatozoa of 6 of those bulls. The methods to study the ejaculates and seminal doses are the conventional ones employed in bovine species. The freezing and refreezing techniques used are the same than those used for the germplasm bank. In the experiences with the application of cold, the thawed semen was refrozen after undergoing a certain treatment (ct), or it was refrozen without any treatment (st). In order to know the value of the studied parameters the following methods have been used: the optical and fluorescent microscopy techniques, resistance in thermostatic water bath study, eosine-nigrosine, pi, lectins (pna) and toluidine blue stainings and artificial insemination using refrozen semen in 7 frisone breed heifers.  in the ml livestock there is variability in the seminal quality average values among the studs, although this is not due to the bulls&apos; age. Additionally, there are not important differences regarding the average values between the first and the second ejaculation in each bull.  statistical results permit to know the damage in spermatozoa during recryopreservation, and it was observed that the seminal quality is higher in frozen semen than in refrozen semen, with a high variability among bulls. Among the bulls, one of them presented the best results in each parameter studied after cryopreservation and recryopreservation, although there were no differences among the bulls regarding some parameters. The most frequent sperm abnormalities were the &quot;tails in whip&quot;, but they were slightly lower in ct refrozen semen.  the artificial insemination of 7 frisone heifers showed a percentage of fertility with st refrozen semen of 57&apos;1%. These results conclude that the re-frozen semen can be used as a predictive technique of fertility, and thus, it can be used for the in vitro conservation of the studied bovine breed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Aportaciones a la crioconservaci\u00f3n de gametos masculinos en la raza bovina murciano levantina: recongelaci\u00f3n de espermatozoides<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Aportaciones a la crioconservaci\u00f3n de gametos masculinos en la raza bovina murciano levantina: recongelaci\u00f3n de espermatozoides <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Laura Almela Veracruz <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 12\/12\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Angel Poto Remacha<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: ra\u00fal S\u00e1nchez s\u00e1nchez <\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  esperanza Camacho vallejo (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Juan  Carlos Gard\u00f3n poggi (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Juan  Carlos Martinez soto (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Laura Almela Veracruz La raza bovina murciano levantina (ml) se utilizaba para labores agr\u00edcolas por su aptitud 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