{"id":116874,"date":"2018-03-11T10:46:12","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:46:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/parasitofauna-de-pinga%c2%bcinos-pigoscelidos-morfologa%c2%ada-infeccion-caracterizacion-molecular-y-aplicaciones\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:46:12","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:46:12","slug":"parasitofauna-de-pinga%c2%bcinos-pigoscelidos-morfologa%c2%ada-infeccion-caracterizacion-molecular-y-aplicaciones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/zoologia-marina\/parasitofauna-de-pinga%c2%bcinos-pigoscelidos-morfologa%c2%ada-infeccion-caracterizacion-molecular-y-aplicaciones\/","title":{"rendered":"Parasitofauna de pinguinos pigosc\u00e9lidos: morfolog\u00eda, infecci\u00f3n, caracterizaci\u00f3n molecular y aplicaciones"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Virginia Vidal Burgos <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen a pesar de su aislamiento geogr\u00e1fico, el ecosistema ant\u00e1rtico no est\u00e1 libre de la presencia de agentes infecciosos. Con esta tesis se pretende contribuir al conocimiento de los macropar\u00e1sitos gastrointestinales de tres especies de ping\u00ed\u00bcinos ant\u00e1rticos (pygoscelis papua, pygoscelis adeliae y pygoscelis antarctica).  para ello se realizaron necropsias de individuos encontrados muertos de forma natural. Se recolectaron un total de 79 individuos en diferentes islas del archipi\u00e9lago shetland del sur e islas situadas m\u00e1s al sur, adyacentes a la pen\u00ednsula ant\u00e1rtica. La gran mayor\u00eda de los ping\u00ed\u00bcinos analizados estuvieron parasitados, mostrando una preValencia global del 89 %. Sin embargo, el n\u00famero de especies que se hallaron fue muy escaso, tan solo seis (tetrabothrius pauliani, parorchites zederi, stegophorus macronectes, pseudoterranova sp, corynosoma sp.1 y corynosoma sp.2). De ellos, solo los tres primeros, pueden ser considerados par\u00e1sitos genuinos de las especies de ping\u00ed\u00bcinos pigosc\u00e9lidos, mientras que los restantes deber\u00edan ser tratados como par\u00e1sitos accidentales. Esta escasa variedad espec\u00edfica puede explicarse por la alta especializaci\u00f3n tr\u00f3fica (estenofagia) de los ping\u00ed\u00bcinos que se alimentan principalmente de krill.  la dificultad para la identificaci\u00f3n de par\u00e1sitos adultos fraccionados, en mal estado o de otros estadios de desarrollo de los helmintos como huevos o larvas, nos induce a considerar el empleo de t\u00e9cnicas alternativas para su diagn\u00f3stico e identificaci\u00f3n como son los m\u00e9todos moleculares. En este caso, la informaci\u00f3n molecular referente a las especies de par\u00e1sitos aqu\u00ed tratadas, as\u00ed como de g\u00e9neros y familias cercanas, es muy escasa, por lo que se procedi\u00f3 a realizar la caracterizaci\u00f3n molecular de las dos especies par\u00e1sitas m\u00e1s prevalentes, stegophorus macronectes y parorchites zederi, obteniendo la secuencia del adnr (18s, its1, 5.8s, its2 y 28s) de s. Macronectes y la secuencia del adnr 18s de p. Zederi. Ambas secuencias fueron depositadas en la base de datos genbank. considerando que la informaci\u00f3n disponible de las relaciones filogen\u00e9ticas de estas especies era nula, a partir de los datos moleculares obtenidos, concretamente con el adnr 18s de s. Macronectes y p. Zederi, se realizaron estudios filogen\u00e9ticos del orden al que pertenece cada especie (spirurida y cyclophyllidea, respectivamente) con el objetivo de clasificar molecularmente a estas especies dentro de su grupo.  por \u00faltimo, para obtener nuevos m\u00e9todos diagn\u00f3sticos, se desarrollaron  sondas moleculares del par\u00e1sito m\u00e1s prevalente, s. Macronectes, a partir de las regiones its, y se probaron sobre individuos de la misma especie, especies cercanas, huevos y heces.   summary  in spite of its geographic isolation, the antarctic ecosystem is not free from the presence of infectious agents. This thesis aims to contribute to the knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites from three species of antarctic penguins (pygoscelis papua, pygoscelis adeliae and pygoscelis antarctica).  to do so, necropsies were carried out on individuals who had died due to natural causes. An amount of 79 individuals were collected from different islands of the south shetland archipelago and from islands located in a southward direction, adjacent to the antarctic peninsula. The vast majority of penguins analyzed were parasitized, showing an overall prevalence of 89%. However, the number of parasites species found was very low, only six (tetrabothrius pauliani, parorchites zederi, stegophorus macronectes, pseudoterranova sp., Corynosoma sp.1 and corynosoma sp.2). Only t. Pauliani, p. Zederi and s. Macronectes could be considered genuine parasites from pygoscelid penguins, the remaining should be considered accidental parasites. This small variety in parasite species may be due to the high trophic specialization (stenophagia) of penguins, as they mainly feed on krill. the challenge to identify fractionated adult parasites, in bad condition or in other developmental stages such as eggs or larvae, leads us to carry out alternative techniques for diagnosis and indentification such as molecular methods. In these cases, the molecular information regarding the parasite species analyzed here, as genera and inmediate families is very scarce, so we proceeded to perform the molecular characterization of the two most prevalent parasite species: stegophorus macronectes and parorchites zederi, obtaining the sequence of rdna (18s, its1, 5.8s, its2 and 28s) from s. Macronectes and the 18s rdna sequence from p. Zederi. Both sequences have been deposited in the genbank database. due to null molecular phylogenetic information of these species, new studies were performed. Hence, 18s rdna of stegophorus mecronectes and parorchites zederi were used in order to classify them molecularly within their orders.  finally, for obtaining new diagnostic methods, molecular probes of the most prevalent parasite, s. Macronectes, were developed from the its regions and tested on individuals of the same species, closely-related species, eggs and feces.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Parasitofauna de pinguinos pigosc\u00e9lidos: morfolog\u00eda, infecci\u00f3n, caracterizaci\u00f3n molecular y aplicaciones<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Parasitofauna de pinguinos pigosc\u00e9lidos: morfolog\u00eda, infecci\u00f3n, caracterizaci\u00f3n molecular y aplicaciones <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Virginia Vidal Burgos <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 16\/12\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Juan a Mar\u00eda Ortiz Sanchez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: Luis Miguel Ortega mora <\/li>\n<li>Francisco Valera hernandez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  Jes\u00fas Perteguer prieto (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  del rocio Ruiz de yba\u00f1ez carnero (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Virginia Vidal Burgos Resumen a pesar de su aislamiento geogr\u00e1fico, el ecosistema ant\u00e1rtico no est\u00e1 libre de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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