{"id":116979,"date":"2018-03-11T10:46:17","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:46:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/evaluacion-y-diseno-de-un-humedal-construido-para-la-depuracion-de-aguas-residuales-domesticas\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:46:17","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:46:17","slug":"evaluacion-y-diseno-de-un-humedal-construido-para-la-depuracion-de-aguas-residuales-domesticas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/agronomia\/evaluacion-y-diseno-de-un-humedal-construido-para-la-depuracion-de-aguas-residuales-domesticas\/","title":{"rendered":"Evaluaci\u00f3n y dise\u00f1o de un humedal construido para la depuraci\u00f3n de aguas residuales dom\u00e9sticas."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Pedro Andreo Martinez <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Evaluaci\u00f3n y dise\u00f1o de un humedal construido para la depuraci\u00f3n de aguas residuales dom\u00e9sticas la depuraci\u00f3n de aguas residuales es una problem\u00e1tica presente a nivel mundial, acentu\u00e1ndose en zonas remotas sin acceso a colectores municipales de depuraci\u00f3n. Las aguas residuales pueden ocasionar episodios de contaminaci\u00f3n en acu\u00edferos y en aguas superficiales, si la descarga se realiza en cauces naturales. En la b\u00fasqueda de nuevas tecnolog\u00edas para intentar solventar este problema se tiene cada vez m\u00e1s en cuenta la sostenibilidad con el medioambiente. Entre estas tecnolog\u00edas, los humedales construidos se postulan como sistemas secundarios, y en muchos casos terciarios, para la depuraci\u00f3n de aguas residuales. Estos sistemas emulan los procesos de depuraci\u00f3n de aguas llevados a cabo por la naturaleza y son capaces de producir efluentes aptos para ser vertidos o reutilizados. en el presente trabajo se ha planteado la evaluaci\u00f3n de la efectividad depuradora de un humedal construido de tipo h\u00edbrido, sobre los vertidos de aguas residuales dom\u00e9sticas generadas por una vivienda unifamiliar sin posibilidad de acceso a colectores municipales. Para ello se seleccion\u00f3 una vivienda aislada en la que se acababa de instalar un humedal construido, situada en el campo de elche donde el clima es mediterr\u00e1neo semi\u00e1rido. El sistema constaba de una depuradora de oxidaci\u00f3n total a modo de decantador primario, un humedal construido de flujo subsuperficial plantado con phragmites australis y un humedal construido de flujo superficial, plantado con diferentes especies vegetales higr\u00f3fitas, que actuaba tambi\u00e9n a modo de dep\u00f3sito de evaporaci\u00f3n total del residuo. para el desarrollo del trabajo se realizaron muestreos seriados, desde el desarrollo inicial del humedal construido hasta su r\u00e9gimen normal de funcionamiento. Los par\u00e1metros anal\u00edticos estudiados fueron los que marca la legislaci\u00f3n para catalogar a las aguas residuales tratadas como vertido seg\u00fan el r.D. 509\/1996, o para su reutilizaci\u00f3n como uso agr\u00edcola calidad 2.1 seg\u00fan el r.D. 1620\/2007. Otros par\u00e1metros anal\u00edticos estudiados fueron ph, temperatura, aceites y grasas, tensioactivos ani\u00f3nicos y cati\u00f3nicos, compuestos nitrogenados, fosfatos, contenido de ox\u00edgeno, s\u00f3lidos decantables, % nacl y s\u00f3lidos totales disueltos (tds), y tambi\u00e9n la biocarga bacteriana m\u00e1s representativa para comprobar la efectividad en el proceso de depuraci\u00f3n. las aguas residuales dom\u00e9sticas presentaron un car\u00e1cter medio-fuerte, estando influenciadas por los h\u00e1bitos particulares de consumo familiar y poniendo de manifiesto el car\u00e1cter genuino de cada agua residual. el agua residual tratada por el sistema de humedales construidos cumpli\u00f3, durante el primer a\u00f1o estudiado, con los par\u00e1metros exigidos por la legislaci\u00f3n para verter y reutilizar durante el primer a\u00f1o de funcionamiento. Los efluentes del segundo a\u00f1o no cumplieron con las exigencias legales debido a desajustes h\u00eddricos en el humedal subsuperficial, desajustes que afectaron tambi\u00e9n al humedal superficial situado posteriormente. el desajuste h\u00eddrico se debi\u00f3 a un secado total, con aparici\u00f3n de v\u00edas preferentes de circulaci\u00f3n de agua al comienzo del segundo a\u00f1o de estudio, situaci\u00f3n que se repiti\u00f3 al a\u00f1o siguiente. Estos hechos derivaron en un desajuste en el lecho del sistema, teniendo como consecuencia el incumplimiento de la legislaci\u00f3n. Las causas se atribuyen a un excesivo desarrollo vegetativo, derivado del sobredimensionamiento del sistema. el humedal construido de flujo superficial present\u00f3 fen\u00f3menos de evaporaci\u00f3n y concentraci\u00f3n t\u00edpicos derivados de las condiciones clim\u00e1ticas. Para solventar el problema de la excesiva proliferaci\u00f3n de algas, se estudi\u00f3 un sistema de filtraci\u00f3n y luz ultravioleta que result\u00f3 ser efectivo. considerando los datos anal\u00edticos se plantea el redimensionamiento del humedal subsuperficial, ya que el estudiado se estima es 2,2 veces superior al calculado. debido a que el humedal se ubica en una zona mediterr\u00e1nea \u00e1rida, con alto d\u00e9ficit h\u00eddrico, ser\u00eda inconsecuente no considerar la posibilidad del aprovechamiento del agua tratada en humedales h\u00edbridos, en lugar de la evaporaci\u00f3n total ya que se ha comprobado que son capaces de obtener afluentes compatibles con las exigencias del r.D. 1620\/2007.   evaluation and design of a constructed wetland to the treatment of domestic wastewater sewage treatment is a worldwide problem that is exacerbated in remote areas that don\u00c2\u00bft have access to municipal sewers. Sewage can cause pollution episodes in ground water and surface water, if wastewater is deposited in natural channels. In the development of new technologies to address the problems of sewage treatment, environmental sustainability is increasingly taken into account. Among these technologies, constructed wetlands are postulated as secondary systems, and in many cases tertiary, for wastewater treatment. These systems imitate the water purification processes performed by nature and are capable of producing effluent suitable for discharge or reuse. the following project has been focused to evaluate the effectiveness of a hybrid constructed wetland on the treatment of domestic wastewater generated by a single family without access to municipal sewers. For this, an isolated house in which a constructed wetland had just been installed was selected. The house was located in the countryside in elche (spain), where the climate is mediterranean-semiarid. The system consist in a total oxidation filter that work as primary settling tank, a constructed wetland of subsurface flow planted with phragmites australis, and a constructed wetland of surface flow planted with different hygrophilous plant species, which also acted as a reservoir for evaporation residue. for the project\u00c2\u00bfs development, samples were taken during various stages ranging from the initial development of the wetland until its regular operation. The laboratory parameters studied were those outlined in rd 509\/1996 regarding the labeling of treated sewage as waste, as well as those outlined in rd 1620\/2007 regarding reuse of waters for agricultural purposes with quality standards of 2.1. Other analytical parameters such as ph, temperature, oils and fats, anionic and cationic surfactants, nitrogen compounds, phosphate, oxygen content, settleable solids, % nacl and total dissolved solids (tds), and also the more representative bioburden to check the effectiveness of the treatment process. domestic wastewater had an average-strong character, being influenced by the particular household consumption habits. the wastewater treated by the constructed wetlands system were agree, during the first year of operation, with the parameters required by the law for the dumping and reuse of waters. The effluent of the second year did not meet the legal requirements due to changes in water flow in the subsurface water wetland that later affected the wetland\u00c2\u00bfs surface, as water flow favored certain areas over others. at the beginning of the study\u00c2\u00bfs second year, the constructed wetland subsurface flow suffered a complete drying and the appearance of preferred paths of water flow, issues which were repeated again the following year. These issues led to a water and ion imbalance in the bed of the system, resulting in non-compliance with the established legislation. Excessive vegetative growth, resulting from the oversized system, was responsible for the imbalance. the constructed wetland surface flow showed typical phenomena of evaporation and concentration resulting from weather conditions; these phenomena were directly related to the system\u00c2\u00bfs failure to comply with some of the required parameters. To solve the problem of excessive algae growth, a filtration and uv irradiation system proved to be effective. considering the analytical data, a resizing of constructed wetland subsurface flow was suggested, because the study is estimated 2.2 times higher than that calculated. as the constructed wetland is located in an arid mediterranean area with high water deficit, it would be imprudent not to pursue the possibility of treating water in wetland hybrids, rather than in total evaporation systems, since it has proven effective in obtaining effluent that complies with the requirements of rd 1620\/2007.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Evaluaci\u00f3n y dise\u00f1o de un humedal construido para la depuraci\u00f3n de aguas residuales dom\u00e9sticas.<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Evaluaci\u00f3n y dise\u00f1o de un humedal construido para la depuraci\u00f3n de aguas residuales dom\u00e9sticas. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Pedro Andreo Martinez <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 22\/12\/2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Luis Almela Ruiz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: carmen P\u00e9rez sirvent <\/li>\n<li>victor Francisco Meseguer zapata (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  Jes\u00fas Sanchez blanco (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Antonio Fernandez lopez (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Pedro Andreo Martinez Evaluaci\u00f3n y dise\u00f1o de un humedal construido para la depuraci\u00f3n de aguas residuales dom\u00e9sticas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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