{"id":117159,"date":"2018-03-11T10:46:32","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:46:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/efectos-de-la-deshidratacion-sobre-el-rendimiento-especa%c2%adfico-neuromuscular-y-psicologico-en-deportes-de-combate\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:46:32","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:46:32","slug":"efectos-de-la-deshidratacion-sobre-el-rendimiento-especa%c2%adfico-neuromuscular-y-psicologico-en-deportes-de-combate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/psicologia\/efectos-de-la-deshidratacion-sobre-el-rendimiento-especa%c2%adfico-neuromuscular-y-psicologico-en-deportes-de-combate\/","title":{"rendered":"Efectos de la deshidrataci\u00f3n sobre el rendimiento espec\u00edfico, neuromuscular y psicol\u00f3gico en deportes de combate"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Alberto Martinez Abellan <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen  las r\u00e1pidas bajadas de peso son pr\u00e1cticas habituales en los deportes de combate ya que permiten a los atletas alcanzar categor\u00edas de peso inferiores a las de su peso habitual, para de esta forma obtener ventaja f\u00edsica sobre sus rivales. Restricciones en la ingesta de comida y bebida, en combinaci\u00f3n con una extrema deshidrataci\u00f3n (sauna y\/o ejercicio para producir una abundante sudoraci\u00f3n) son algunos de las diferentes estrategias y m\u00e9todos empleados por estos deportistas. No obstante, este estado de hipohidrataci\u00f3n puede resultar en una deterioro del rendimiento f\u00edsico y de la salud de los atletas. Por ello, los objetivos de esta tesis doctoral fueron: i) validar por primera vez un cuestionario que permita monitorizar los m\u00e9todos de bajada de peso que est\u00e1n realizando todos los deportistas de combate para alcanzar la masa corporal de su categor\u00eda en el pesaje oficial de los principales torneos de la temporada, as\u00ed como durante su posterior recuperaci\u00f3n antes del torneo; ii) esclarecer cu\u00e1l de los m\u00e9todos no invasivos para la determinaci\u00f3n del estado de hidrataci\u00f3n tiene mayor capacidad predictiva de la osmolaridad de la orina, el test no invasivo considerado patr\u00f3n de oro; iii) cuantificar los efectos que estas r\u00e1pidas bajadas de peso y su posterior recuperaci\u00f3n antes de comenzar el torneo est\u00e1n tenido sobre el rendimiento f\u00edsico y psicol\u00f3gico de los atletas; y iv) estudiar si los niveles de p\u00e9rdida de peso previo a las competiciones oficiales pueden ser un factor predictivo del nivel competitivo de los atletas. Los resultados indicaron que: a) el cuestionario sobre p\u00e9rdida de peso en deportes de combate presenta \u00f3ptimos niveles de validez de contenido as\u00ed como de reproducibilidad en las respuestas para identificar y monitorizar los m\u00e9todos, las frecuencias y las estrategias con las que estos deportistas acometen las fases de p\u00e9rdida de peso antes del pesaje y su posterior recuperaci\u00f3n antes del comienzo del torneo; b) la gravedad espec\u00edfica de la orina presenta elevados niveles de correlaci\u00f3n con la osmolaridad de la orina en un amplio rango de estados de hidrataci\u00f3n, siendo la gravedad espec\u00edfica de la orina una t\u00e9cnica m\u00e1s asequible y f\u00e1cil de realizar. La t\u00e9cnica del color de la orina puede sustituir a la gravedad espec\u00edfica de la orina cuando \u00e9sta no se pueda emplear. Sin embargo, la impedancia biol\u00e9ctrica y la percepci\u00f3n subjetiva de la sed son m\u00e9todos que no presentan suficientes niveles de sensibilidad para detectar los niveles de hidrataci\u00f3n durante el pesaje oficial de los atletas pertenecientes a deportes de combate ol\u00edmpicos; c) las r\u00e1pidas p\u00e9rdidas de peso que acontecen en los deportes de combate antes del pesaje oficial tienen efectos adversos sobre su estado de \u00e1nimo. Adem\u00e1s, el rendimiento neuromuscular de estos atletas estuvo significativamente afectado tras las bajada de peso, principalmente en aquellos atletas que llegaron al pesaje oficial con un nivel de deshidrataci\u00f3n severo. No obstante, las 13-18 h que separaron e pesaje oficial del comienzo del torneo permitieron recuperar, al menos en parte, el estado de \u00e1nimo y el rendimiento f\u00edsico de los atletas hasta alcanzar niveles similares  a la normalidad, y d) los importantes descensos del rendimiento f\u00edsico y psicol\u00f3gico que acontecen en los deportistas que incurren en una severa deshidrataci\u00f3n parecen verse compensados con la ventaja f\u00edsica que obtienen al competir contra rivales de menor tama\u00f1o corporal, ya que casi el 70% de los deportistas de combate \u00e9lite incurrieron en una extrema deshidrataci\u00f3n.   abstract  in olympic combat sports, weight cutting is a common practice aimed to take advantage of competing in weight divisions below the athlete&apos;s normal weight. Fluid and food restriction in combination with dehydration (sauna and\/or exercise induced profuse sweating) are common weight cut methods. However, the resultant hypohydration could adversely affect health and performance outcomes. The aims of this doctoral thesis were to: i) validate a questionnaire to monitor the weight cutting methods that the combat sports athletes are undertaking to reach the body mass of its category at the official weigh-in, as well as during subsequent recovery before the tournament; ii) determine which of the routinely used non-invasive measures of dehydration best track urine osmolality, the gold standard non-invasive test; iii) quantify the effects that these rapid weight declines prior to weigh-in and regain before the tournament are taken on the physical and psychological performance of these athletes and iv) study whether weight loss and dehydration levels prior to the official competitions may be a competitive level predictor of  these athletes. The study results indicate that a) that the weight loss in combat sports questionnaire provides optimal levels of content validity, as well as reliability in their answerers that allows researchers and coaches to identify and monitor the methods, frequencies and strategies that these kind of athletes carry out during the rapid weight loss phases before the official weigh-in and the subsequent recovery phases before the start of the tournament; b) in a wide range of pre-competitive hydration status, urine specific gravity is highly associated with urine osmolality while being a more affordable and easy to use technique. Urine colour is a suitable tool when urine specific gravity is not available. However, the bio-electrical impedance and the thirst perception scale are not sensitive enough to detect hypohydration at official weight-in before an olympic combat championship; c) the weight loss that occur during the weight cutting approaches in combat sports produce significant effects on the athletes&apos; mood state. Also, the neuromuscular performance of these athletes are significantly impaired following a weight cutting approach, mainly in these athletes who arrive to the official weigh-in severely dehydrated. Nevertheless, the 13-18 hours that separate the official weigh-in at the beginning of the tournament are sufficient to recover, at least in part, a mood state and neuromuscular performance near to their normal status; and d) the advantage of competing in a lower weight category may compensate for the residual losses of muscle power since almost 70% of elite combat sports athletes undergo severe dehydration.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Efectos de la deshidrataci\u00f3n sobre el rendimiento espec\u00edfico, neuromuscular y psicol\u00f3gico en deportes de combate<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Efectos de la deshidrataci\u00f3n sobre el rendimiento espec\u00edfico, neuromuscular y psicol\u00f3gico en deportes de combate <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Alberto Martinez Abellan <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 19\/02\/2015<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ernesto De La Cruz S\u00e1nchez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: arturo Diaz suarez <\/li>\n<li>Juan  Fernando Ortega fonseca (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>rosendo Bereng\u00ed\u00bci gil (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>ignacio Ara royo (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Alberto Martinez Abellan Resumen las r\u00e1pidas bajadas de peso son pr\u00e1cticas habituales en los deportes de combate 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