{"id":117268,"date":"2018-03-11T10:46:42","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:46:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/la-narrativa-breve-y-la-cronica-de-guerra-1900-1945-estudio-interdiscursivo-y-comparado\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:46:42","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:46:42","slug":"la-narrativa-breve-y-la-cronica-de-guerra-1900-1945-estudio-interdiscursivo-y-comparado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/lengua-y-literatura\/la-narrativa-breve-y-la-cronica-de-guerra-1900-1945-estudio-interdiscursivo-y-comparado\/","title":{"rendered":"La narrativa breve y la cr\u00f3nica de guerra (1900-1945). estudio interdiscursivo y comparado."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Noemi Lopez Alcon <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen: esta tesis doctoral ofrece, desde una perspectiva anal\u00edtica y comparatista, un estudio centrado en las interrelaciones entre periodismo y literatura y, m\u00e1s concretamente, profundiza en la valoraci\u00f3n y an\u00e1lisis de la cr\u00f3nica de guerra y su particular incursi\u00f3n en los g\u00e9neros narrativos breves, sobre todo en el \u00e1mbito de la novela corta espa\u00f1ola, en pleno auge a finales del siglo xix y principios del xx. De hecho, la novela corta de tem\u00e1tica b\u00e9lica se convirti\u00f3 en esta \u00e9poca en un subg\u00e9nero narrativo cultivado por numerosos autores espa\u00f1oles que a la misma vez ejercieron el periodismo. Por ello, se ofrece en este trabajo una panor\u00e1mica de los corresponsales de guerra m\u00e1s representativos de cada episodio b\u00e9lico -primera y segunda guerras mundiales y guerra de \u00e1frica- con la finalidad de atender particularmente al an\u00e1lisis interdiscursivo y comparado de las producciones cron\u00edsticas de hombres y mujeres corresponsales de guerra espa\u00f1oles a trav\u00e9s de sof\u00eda casanova, juan pujol y ram\u00f3n p\u00e9rez de ayala, referentes de la gran guerra; carmen de burgos, xavier b\u00f3veda y jos\u00e9 d\u00edaz fern\u00e1ndez, cronistas de la guerra del rif; y augusto ass\u00eda y jacinto miquelarena, entre otros corresponsales de la segunda guerra mundial, como manuel pombo. Asimismo, se presta atenci\u00f3n al estudio de los cambios que experimenta el texto cron\u00edstico en su versi\u00f3n novelada, lo que permite contrastar las novelas cortas de hombres y mujeres corresponsales y determinar el grado en que estas remiten a sus trabajos period\u00edsticos, as\u00ed como (re)valorizar a un tiempo el excepcional trabajo de periodistas como c. De burgos o sof\u00eda casanova, quienes orientar\u00e1n y marcar\u00e1n la trayectoria de otras cronistas posteriores. el objetivo principal consiste en el estudio y an\u00e1lisis de los diversos modelos discursivos que nos ofrecen las cr\u00f3nicas de guerra, seg\u00fan su inserci\u00f3n en distintos per\u00edodos b\u00e9licos: guerra entre espa\u00f1a y marruecos en las primeras d\u00e9cadas del siglo xx, primera guerra mundial y segunda guerra mundial. Y a partir de tal an\u00e1lisis poder establecer un estudio comparativo sobre la evoluci\u00f3n de la cr\u00f3nica de guerra en las mencionadas etapas. Y de manera similar, valorar los modelos de adecuaci\u00f3n y conformaci\u00f3n de la cr\u00f3nica de guerra a estructuras narrativo-ficcionales, as\u00ed como los procesos de recepci\u00f3n para el lector en uno u otro dominio: el de la cr\u00f3nica period\u00edstica o el de novelas cortas y novelas que derivan de una o varias cr\u00f3nicas. Un objetivo que se enmarca en un an\u00e1lisis te\u00f3rico-cr\u00edtico regido por principios pragm\u00e1ticos, semi\u00f3ticos, ret\u00f3ricos, estil\u00edsticos e ideol\u00f3gicos. de este objetivo principal se desprenden otros objetivos en nuestra investigaci\u00f3n, entre los que destacamos los siguientes: 1. Estudio hist\u00f3rico-te\u00f3rico sobre los g\u00e9neros period\u00edsticos: reportaje, art\u00edculo y cr\u00f3nica period\u00edstica, con el fin de fijar y delimitar las caracter\u00edsticas propias de la cr\u00f3nica de guerra. 2. Deslinde de los problem\u00e1ticos l\u00edmites entre periodismo literario y literatura period\u00edstica. 3. Evoluci\u00f3n de la cr\u00f3nica de guerra desde sus antecedentes m\u00e1s inmediatos, como, por ejemplo, ser\u00edan los casos, en referencia a la campa\u00f1a de \u00e1frica de 1859-1860, de gaspar n\u00fa\u00f1ez de arce y sus cr\u00f3nicas para el peri\u00f3dico la iberia o el de pedro antonio de alarc\u00f3n (diario de un testigo de la guerra de \u00e1frica). 4. Funci\u00f3n pragm\u00e1tico-comunicativa de la cr\u00f3nica de guerra period\u00edstica vs. Funci\u00f3n emotiva y persuasiva de la cr\u00f3nica de guerra novelada. 5. Lo period\u00edstico como material narrativo en la literatura femenina de la \u00e9poca. 6. Esbozar un perfil de la trayectoria y del quehacer period\u00edstico, estil\u00edstico e ideol\u00f3gico de algunos de los cronistas m\u00e1s representativos en los diferentes periodos b\u00e9licos. 7. Dar de nuevo a la luz y recuperar una serie de cr\u00f3nicas que han quedado en el olvido en casos concretos. la metodolog\u00eda aplicada a este proyecto ha comprendido: &#8211; una primera fase de recopilaci\u00f3n bibliogr\u00e1fica: con la finalidad de recoger los datos necesarios que permitan el desarrollo de los aspectos relacionados con la tem\u00e1tica planteada, se ha buscado informaci\u00f3n sobre el objeto de estudio a fin de conocer el estado de la cuesti\u00f3n. Para ello, se ha procedido a una exhaustiva revisi\u00f3n bibliogr\u00e1fica sobre aspectos te\u00f3ricos y cr\u00edticos relacionados con el g\u00e9nero period\u00edstico de la cr\u00f3nica de guerra y el g\u00e9nero novel\u00edstico. &#8211; selecci\u00f3n de textos: se ha procedido a la b\u00fasqueda bibliogr\u00e1fica de estudios sobre corresponsales de guerra que ejercieron su labor en la \u00e9poca establecida y se han escogido los textos m\u00e1s representativos publicados, en uno y otro \u00e1mbito de estudio, de los autores y autoras seleccionados. A continuaci\u00f3n, se ha llevado a cabo el an\u00e1lisis comparado de estos textos espec\u00edficos pertenecientes a cada uno de los dominios estudiados (period\u00edstico y novel\u00edstico), para lo que ha sido esencial indagar, previamente, en fuentes de primera mano; es decir, en hemerotecas de los peri\u00f3dicos de la \u00e9poca, con la finalidad de obtener el suficiente n\u00famero de cr\u00f3nicas de guerra que rentabilizasen este trabajo. cabe rese\u00f1ar, en funci\u00f3n de lo anterior, la abundancia de material disponible, dado que hoy en d\u00eda son muchos los peri\u00f3dicos, revistas y semanarios de la \u00e9poca digitalizados. Algo que ha supuesto una ardua tarea de lectura y de manera muy especial, la selecci\u00f3n, como se dec\u00eda, de aquellos textos que se han considerado m\u00e1s rentables y significativos para dicho an\u00e1lisis. estas son las conclusiones: &#8211; el aceptado dogma de la objetividad period\u00edstica es un rasgo desautomatizado por el propio proceso de producci\u00f3n y edici\u00f3n de un texto que permite comprobar, en el caso de los cronistas seleccionados, c\u00f3mo ante la m\u00e1s aparente objetividad de la cr\u00f3nica b\u00e9lica existe toda una subjetividad imperante por parte del cronista como filtro de unos acontecimientos que da a conocer e interpreta desde la perspectiva personal de un &quot;yo&quot; individual; &#8211; la objetividad y la subjetividad traspasan los lindes establecidos entre periodismo y literatura y entre cr\u00f3nica de guerra y novela corta, lo que supone otra ruptura con las concepciones del siglo xviii y las preceptivas del siglo xix, que retrataban el periodismo como g\u00e9nero menor incapaz de ascender a la categor\u00eda literaria. As\u00ed lo demuestran cronistas como juan pujol o ram\u00f3n p\u00e9rez de ayala, grandes cultivadores del periodismo literario. &#8211; el an\u00e1lisis interdiscursivo de la cr\u00f3nica b\u00e9lica demuestra tambi\u00e9n la influencia en los textos de la ideolog\u00eda pol\u00edtica determinante en cada per\u00edodo b\u00e9lico (por ejemplo, las tendencias aliad\u00f3filas y german\u00f3filas durante la primera guerra mundial) y en la finalidad de los textos en funci\u00f3n de la postura del corresponsal. -el estudio comparado e interdiscursivo de la cr\u00f3nica confirma, tras la panor\u00e1mica de autores que escribieron novelas cortas de tem\u00e1tica b\u00e9lica, una escritura que comparte numerosos rasgos estil\u00edsticos y recursos ret\u00f3ricos, tanto en las mujeres como en los hombres, orientados a una intenci\u00f3n com\u00fan: dar verosimilitud a su relato y &quot;enganchar&quot; a los lectores con apelaciones directas que apuntan a la emoci\u00f3n, al sufrimiento y, en definitiva, persiguen una identificaci\u00f3n entre autor y lector. &#8211; las novelas cortas, a trav\u00e9s de las colecciones literarias de la \u00e9poca, vincularon el periodismo y la literatura al novelar cr\u00f3nicas b\u00e9licas de id\u00e9ntica tem\u00e1tica, d\u00e1ndole as\u00ed al relato testimonial un car\u00e1cter ficticio que provoca el salto del texto cron\u00edstico hacia lo literario.    abstract: this doctoral thesis offers, from an analytical and comparative perspective, a study focusing on the interrelationships between journalism and literature, and more specifically, it delves into the war chronicle assessment and analysis and its particular inroads in the short narrative genre, especially in the field of the spanish short novel, booming in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In fact, war short novel  became during this time a narrative subgenre cultivated by numerous spanish authors who simultaneously worked as journalists. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of the most distinguished war correspondents of each war period -first and second world wars and the war of africa- in order to particularly attend to the compared and interdiscursive analysis of the chronicling productions of spanish male and female war chroniclers through the works of sofia casanova, juan pujol and ram\u00f3n perez de ayala, regarding the great war; carmen de burgos, xavier b\u00f3veda and jos\u00e9 d\u00edaz fern\u00e1ndez, chroniclers of the rif war; and augusto ass\u00eda and jacinto miquelarena, among other second world war correspondents such as manuel pombo. In addition, attention has been paid to studying the changes undergone by the novel chronicling text, allowing for the examination of the short stories from male and female correspondents and determining the extent to which they refer to their journalistic productions, (re)valuing at a time the exceptional work of journalists such as c. De burgos. the main purpose is the study and analysis of the various discursive models that war chronicles offer us according to their insertion in different war periods: the war between spain and morocco in the early twentieth century, world war i and world war ii . Based on that analysis, we intend to establish comparative study on the evolution of the war chronicle in the aforementioned stages. Similarly, assessing the adequacy and adjustment models of war chronicle to fictional narrative structures and the reception processes by the reader in either domain: the feature story or the short stories and novels derived from one or more chronicles. An object that is part of a theoretical-critical analysis guided by pragmatic, semiotic, rhetorical, stylistic and ideological principles. from this main purpose other objectives are deduced in our research, among which the following stand out: 1. A historical and theoretical study of journalistic genres: news report, article and feature story, in order to establish and define the characteristics of chronic war chronicle. 2. Defining the problematic boundaries between literary journalism and journalistic literature. 3. How the war chronicle has evolved from its most immediate antecedents, such as would be the case, referring to the african campaign 1859-1860 gaspar n\u00fa\u00f1ez de arce and his chronicles for the newspaper la iberia or pedro antonio de alarc\u00f3n (diary of a witness of africa war) both of them referring to the african campaign 1859-1860. 4. Pragmatic-communicative function of journalistic war chronicle of war vs. Emotive and persuasive function of fictionalized war chronicle. 5. What journalism as narrative material in the women&apos;s literature of the time. 6. Outline the trajectory and the journalistic, stylistic and ideological work of some of the most representative  chroniclers in various war periods. 7. Bringing back and publishing a series of chronicles fallen into oblivion in certain cases. the methodology applied to this project included: &#8211; a first phase of bibliographic compilation: in order to collect the necessary data to develop aspects related to the topic proposed, information about the object of study to know the status of the issue has been sought. To do this, an exhaustive bibliographic revision of the theoretical and critical aspects related to the genres of war chronicle journalism and novel. the bibliographic tracing of books, articles and other documents related to this field of study has allowed the provision of answers to the initial postulations and to the advance in the research. &#8211; texts selection: a bibliographical search of studies on war correspondents who carried out their work in the selected period has been subsequently conducted, and the most representative texts published in both fields of study from the selected authors have been chosen. Afterwards, the compared analysis of these specific texts belonging to each of the fields studied (journalism and novel) has been performed, for which it has been essential to previously investigate first-hand sources; i.E. Newspaper libraries of the time, with the aim of obtaining the sufficient number of war chronicles to make this a profitable work. it should be noted, based on the above, the abundance of material available, since nowadays there are many newspapers, and magazines of the time which have been digitized. Something that has turned into an arduous task reading and, more particularly, selecting, as mentioned above, those texts that are considered more profitable and significant to the analysis. the conclusions are: &#8211; the accepted dogma of journalistic objectivity is a feature deautomated by the production and editing process of text itself , which allows us to see, in the case of the  selected chroniclers, that against the apparent objectivity of the war chronicle there is a prevalent subjectivity by the chronicler as the filter of certain events that he discloses and interprets from the personal perspective of an individual &quot;i&quot;; &#8211; objectivity and subjectivity, in consequence, go beyond the established boundaries between journalism and literature and between the war chronicle and the novella, which implies another break with the conceptions of the eighteenth century and those prescriptive in the nineteenth century, which portrayed journalism as a minor genre unable to ascend to a literary category. This is demonstrated by chroniclers as juan pujol or ram\u00f3n p\u00e9rez de ayala, two great promoters of literary journalism. &#8211; the interdiscursive analysis of war chronicle also shows the influence that the decisive ideological politics of each war period exerted upon texts (eg alliadophile trends and germanophile trends during world war ii) and upon the purpose of those texts according to the correspondent&apos;s stance. &#8211; the comparative and interdiscursive of chronicle confirms, after an overview of authors who wrote war-themed novellas, a writing style that shares many stylistic features and rhetorical resources used by both women and men and focused on a common purpose: making their stories authentic and &quot;hooking&quot; the readers by means of direct appeals that aim at feelings of emotion, suffering and, definitely, pursue an identification between author and reader. &#8211; novellas, through the literary collections of the time, linked journalism and literature by novelizing war chronicles with identical themes, thus giving the testimonial story a fictional character that makes the chronicle text leap into the literary world.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>La narrativa breve y la cr\u00f3nica de guerra (1900-1945). estudio interdiscursivo y comparado.<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 La narrativa breve y la cr\u00f3nica de guerra (1900-1945). estudio interdiscursivo y comparado. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Noemi Lopez Alcon <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 13\/03\/2015<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Manuel Martinez Arnaldos<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: tomas Albaladejo mayordomo <\/li>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  magdalena de pazzi Cueto perez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Jimenez cano (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 ramon Gonzalez garcia (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Noemi Lopez Alcon Resumen: esta tesis doctoral ofrece, desde una perspectiva anal\u00edtica y comparatista, un estudio centrado 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