{"id":117474,"date":"2018-03-11T10:47:03","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:47:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/valoracion-de-la-movilidad-de-la-columna-en-el-plano-sagital-y-extensibilidad-de-la-musculatura-isquiosural-en-gimnasia-estetica-de-grupo\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:47:03","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:47:03","slug":"valoracion-de-la-movilidad-de-la-columna-en-el-plano-sagital-y-extensibilidad-de-la-musculatura-isquiosural-en-gimnasia-estetica-de-grupo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/formacion-y-empleo-de-profesores\/valoracion-de-la-movilidad-de-la-columna-en-el-plano-sagital-y-extensibilidad-de-la-musculatura-isquiosural-en-gimnasia-estetica-de-grupo\/","title":{"rendered":"Valoraci\u00f3n de la movilidad de la columna en el plano sagital y extensibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural en gimnasia est\u00e9tica de grupo"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Elena Conesa Ros <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen en el \u00e1mbito del rendimiento deportivo, diferentes estudios han tratado de definir un perfil ideal del deportista en cada disciplina, para determinar aquellas caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas, t\u00e9cnico-t\u00e1cticas y psicol\u00f3gicas que se relacionan con mejores resultados. Sin embargo, un alto volumen de entrenamiento con acciones articulares repetitivas, pueden generar adaptaciones en el sistema m\u00fasculo-esquel\u00e9tico y de forma espec\u00edfica la columna vertebral. Una disposici\u00f3n raqu\u00eddea inadecuada genera una modificaci\u00f3n de la distribuci\u00f3n de la carga entre el cuerpo vertebral, el disco intervertebral y las articulaciones apofisarias, entre el n\u00facleo pulposo y el anillo fibroso, aumentando el estr\u00e9s de tensi\u00f3n en los ligamentos intervertebrales y por ende el riesgo de lesiones, especialmente en deportistas j\u00f3venes. Dentro de los deportes con mayor influencia negativa sobre el morfotipo raqu\u00eddeo se encuentran aquellos que requieren una hiperflexi\u00f3n e hiperextensi\u00f3n lumbar forzada para optimizar su rendimiento competitivo como son las especialidades de gimnasia art\u00edstica, gimnasia r\u00edtmica deportiva (grd) y m\u00e1s recientemente gimnasia est\u00e9tica de grupo (geg). Por ello, el objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral fue comparar las adaptaciones que se han producido sobre el morfotipo raqu\u00eddeo de gimnastas experimentadas en la especialidad de grd, y compararlas con las especialistas en grd y con un grupo control (gc). La muestra se conform\u00f3 por un total de 255 sujetos divididos en tres grupos: i) 94 mujeres especialistas de geg seleccionadas aleatoriamente de clubes de competici\u00f3n de estonia y finlandia; ii) 82 gimnastas especialistas de grd seleccionadas aleatoriamente de clubes de competici\u00f3n espa\u00f1oles; iii) 79 ni\u00f1as de gc  que no realizaban actividad f\u00edsica extraescolar. Estos tres grupos se dividieron a su vez en tres segmentos de edad: a) menores de 11 a\u00f1os, b) entre 11 y 15 a\u00f1os, y c) 15 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s. Empleando t\u00e9cnicas de intervenci\u00f3n estandarizadas se estudiaron las curvaturas en el plano sagital del raquis tanto en bipedestaci\u00f3n como en sedentaci\u00f3n (disposici\u00f3n est\u00e1tica), en flexi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima del tronco (disposici\u00f3n din\u00e1mica), la movilidad raqu\u00eddea y la extensibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural. Los resultados indican que: i) la cifosis dorsal en bipedestaci\u00f3n del grupo geg se encuentra dentro de la normalidad, aunque en sedentaci\u00f3n ast\u00e9nica y en flexi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima del tronco se han registrado valores de hipercifosis por encima de la normalidad; ii) la lordosis lumbar en bipedestaci\u00f3n se encuentra dentro del rango de normalidad, con valores inferiores a los del grupo de grd y el grupo control, pero al sentarse en postura ast\u00e9nica y en flexi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima,  ambos grupos de gimnastas disponen su regi\u00f3n lumbar con mayores curvas cif\u00f3ticas que las del grupo control; iii) ambos grupos de gimnastas poseen amplios rangos de extensibilidad isquiosural, con elevados porcentajes de normalidad; iv) no se ha encontrado una asociaci\u00f3n entre el volumen de entrenamiento y el morfotipo raqu\u00eddeo sagital, ya sea para la curva dorsal o lumbar, en ninguna de las tres posiciones analizadas, pero s\u00ed una correlaci\u00f3n positiva entre el volumen de entrenamiento y los valores de flexibilidad y movilidad raqu\u00eddea. la geg incide positivamente sobre el raquis dorsal de las gimnastas. El trabajo de esquema corporal con raquis alineado que se exige en geg, afirma el beneficio que esta actividad educativa puede aportar sobre la prevenci\u00f3n de las alteraciones de la zona dorsal durante el crecimiento. La correcta disposici\u00f3n lumbar en bipedestaci\u00f3n encontrada en geg en comparaci\u00f3n con las gimnastas de grd puede ser debida a las diferencias en el entrenamiento y la prohibici\u00f3n por parte del c\u00f3digo de gimnasia est\u00e9tica de grupo de las dificultades con hiperextensi\u00f3n del tronco. Los peores resultados obtenidos en las posiciones de sedentaci\u00f3n ast\u00e9nica y flexi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima demuestran que ambas modalidades de gimnasia no presentan una transferencia positiva hacia la correcta actitud postural.   abstract in the field of sports performance, several studies have attempted to detail the optimal athlete profile in each sport in order to determine those physical, psychological and technical-tactics characteristics that are related with better competitive results. However, a high training volume with repetitive joint actions can generate adaptations in the musculoskeletal system and specifically on the spine. A spinal improper position generates a modification of the load distribution between the vertebral body, the intervertebral disk and the apophyseal joints between the nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosus, increasing the tensile stress in the intervertebral ligaments, and therefore the risk of injuries, especially in young athletes. Among the sports with the greatest negative influence on the spinal morphotype are those that require lumbar hyperflexion and hyperextension to optimize their competitive performance such as artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics (rg) and more recently aesthetic group gymnastics (agg). Therefore, the main aim of this doctoral thesis was to compare the spinal morphotype adaptations that have occurred on experienced gymnasts of agg, and to compare them with specialists of rgg and a control group (cg). The sample comprises a total of 255 subjects divided into three groups: i) 94 female aag specialists randomly selected in an estonia and finland club competition; ii) 82 female rg specialists randomly selected in an spanish club competition; and iii)  79 female cg who did not perform any extracurricular physical activity. These three groups were divided into three age segments: a) under 11 y\/o, b) between 11 and 15 y\/o, c) 15 y\/o or more. Using standardized techniques, it was studied the spine curvatures in the sagittal plane of both standing and seated (static position), at maximum trunk flexion (dynamic position), spinal mobility and the hamstring extensibility. The results indicate that: i) the dorsal kyphosis in standing of the agg was within the normal range, although in seated positions and trunk flexion it was detected hyperkyphosis values above the normality; the agg lumbar lordosis in standing position is within the normal range, showing lower values than rg and cg, but in seated and maximum trunk flexion positions the both groups of gymnasts have their lumbar region with higher kyphotic curves than the control group, iii) both groups of gymnasts have wide ranges of hamstring muscle extensibility, with high percentages of normality; iv) it has not be found an association between training volume and sagittal spinal morphotype, either dorsal or lumbar curve in any of the three positions analyzed, but it has been detected a positive correlation between training volume and values spinal flexibility and mobility. The agg have positive effects on the gymnasts&apos; dorsal spine. The work of body map with spine aligned that is required in agg confirms the benefit that this educational activity can bring about preventing alterations of the dorsal spine during growth. The better lumbar standing alignment found in the agg compared to rg may be due to differences in training interventions and the aesthetic group gymnastics code prohibition of the difficulties with hyperextension of the trunk. The worst results found for seated and maximal trunk flexion positions demonstrate that both forms of gymnastics not show a positive transfer to correct postural attitude.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Valoraci\u00f3n de la movilidad de la columna en el plano sagital y extensibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural en gimnasia est\u00e9tica de grupo<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Valoraci\u00f3n de la movilidad de la columna en el plano sagital y extensibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural en gimnasia est\u00e9tica de grupo <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Elena Conesa Ros <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 15\/05\/2015<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Antonio Pastor Clemente<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: Jos\u00e9 ram\u00f3n Alvero cruz <\/li>\n<li>vicente Ferrer lopez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>gomez Lozano sebastian (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Francisco Ayala rodr\u00edguez (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Elena Conesa Ros Resumen en el \u00e1mbito del rendimiento deportivo, diferentes estudios han tratado de definir un 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