{"id":117577,"date":"2015-05-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-05-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/efecto-de-las-acciones-antropicas-sobre-la-estabilidad-de-agregados-del-suelo-en-zonas-semiaridas\/"},"modified":"2015-05-06T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2015-05-06T00:00:00","slug":"efecto-de-las-acciones-antropicas-sobre-la-estabilidad-de-agregados-del-suelo-en-zonas-semiaridas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/fisica-de-suelos\/efecto-de-las-acciones-antropicas-sobre-la-estabilidad-de-agregados-del-suelo-en-zonas-semiaridas\/","title":{"rendered":"Efecto de las acciones antr\u00f3picas sobre la estabilidad de agregados del suelo en zonas semi\u00e1ridas."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Manuel Jes\u00fas Campoy Cervellera <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Resumen en zonas semi\u00e1ridas, como la del sudeste espa\u00f1ol, la progresiva degradaci\u00f3n que sufren sus suelos afecta a la vegetaci\u00f3n que soportan los mismos. La regeneraci\u00f3n de las propiedades f\u00edsicas de suelos degradados es necesaria para favorecer la implantaci\u00f3n de la vegetaci\u00f3n, frenando de esta manera la erosi\u00f3n y el lixiviado de contaminantes. El objetivo de esta tesis fue comprobar y cuantificar el efecto de diversas acciones antr\u00f3picas (pr\u00e1cticas de revegetaci\u00f3n con arbustivas mediante el uso de hongos micorr\u00edcicos arbusculares y la aplicaci\u00f3n al suelo de enmendantes org\u00e1nicos y pr\u00e1cticas de manejo agr\u00edcola) sobre la estructura y calidad del suelo. Para este fin se llevaron a cabo 4 ensayos, dos en condiciones controladas y dos en condiciones de campo.  en el primer ensayo con condiciones controladas se estudiaron los efectos de la inoculaci\u00f3n con un hongo micorr\u00edcico arbuscular (ma) (glomus intraradices schenck y smith) o con una mezcla de tres hongos ma (g. Intraradices, g. Deserticola (trappe, bloss. Y menge) y g. Mosseae (nicol y gerd.) Gerd. Y trappe; y la adici\u00f3n de dos residuos: compost de lodo de depuradora y residuo de alperujo seco tratado con aspergillus niger (doc), sobre la estabilizaci\u00f3n de los agregados en la rizosfera de juniperus oxycedrus, as\u00ed como la influencia de las mejoras estructurales producidas sobre el establecimiento de las plantas. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: tanto la adici\u00f3n de enmiendas org\u00e1nicas como los tratamientos de inoculaci\u00f3n micorr\u00edcica incrementaron significativamente la biomasa a\u00e9rea. La inoculaci\u00f3n micorr\u00edcica fue el tratamiento m\u00e1s eficaz para incrementar la biomasa a\u00e9rea de las plantas, no encontr\u00e1ndose diferencias significativas entre los dos tratamientos de micorrizaci\u00f3n. La inoculaci\u00f3n con la mezcla de tres hongos ma y la combinaci\u00f3n de g. Intraradices con las dos enmiendas org\u00e1nicas mejor\u00f3 significativamente la estabilidad estructural del suelo. Los valores de carbono hidrosoluble y de carbohidratos, se incrementaron s\u00f3lo con la adici\u00f3n de los lodos de depuradora compostados o el residuo doc fermentado. en el segundo ensayo se  estudi\u00f3 el efecto del secado-rehumectado del suelo, la inoculaci\u00f3n con una mezcla de tres hongos micorr\u00edcicos arbusculares al\u00f3ctonos (ma) (glomus intraradices schenck &amp; smith, glomus deserticola trappe, bloss. &Amp; menge y glomus mosseae (nicol &amp; gerd) gerd. Y trappe) y la adici\u00f3n de un residuo org\u00e1nico compostado, sobre la estabilizaci\u00f3n de los agregados en el suelo rizosf\u00e9rico de juniperus oxycedrus. Los resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes: tanto la adici\u00f3n de enmiendas org\u00e1nicas como los tratamientos de inoculaci\u00f3n micorr\u00edcica incrementaron significativamente la biomasa a\u00e9rea. La inoculaci\u00f3n con la mezcla de tres hongos ma y la combinaci\u00f3n de g. Intraradices con las dos enmiendas org\u00e1nicas mejor\u00f3 significativamente la estabilidad estructural del suelo. Los valores de carbono hidrosoluble y de carbohidratos, se incrementaron s\u00f3lo con la adici\u00f3n de los lodos de depuradora compostados o el residuo doc fermentado. En condiciones de riego adecuado, los mayores porcentajes de agregados estables se registraron en el suelo enmendado, seguido por el suelo inoculado con hongos ma. La desecaci\u00f3n caus\u00f3 un aumento significativo de la estabilidad de los agregados del suelo en la rizosfera de todas las plantas, en particular en las enmendadas e inoculadas. En todos los tratamientos, los agregados formados despu\u00e9s del secado del suelo fueron inestables, ya que despu\u00e9s de la rehumectaci\u00f3n alcanzaron los niveles iniciales previos al secado. La rehumectaci\u00f3n del suelo disminuy\u00f3 significativamente tales fracciones de carbono.  el tercer ensayo se llev\u00f3 a cabo en condiciones de campo donde se evalu\u00f3 el efecto de un tratamiento combinado que implic\u00f3 la adici\u00f3n de residuo de alperujo (doc) tratado con aspergillus niger en presencia de fosfato de roca, m\u00e1s la inoculaci\u00f3n pre-trasplante de pl\u00e1ntulas con hongos micorr\u00edcicos arbusculares (ma) glomus intraradices, glomus deserticola o glomus mosseae, sobre el establecimiento de dorycnium pentaphyllum l., En una zona mediterr\u00e1nea semi\u00e1rida degradada. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: el tratamiento combinado de la adici\u00f3n del residuo fermentado de alperujo y la inoculaci\u00f3n con hongos ma, en particular con g. Mosseae, tuvo el mayor efecto para incrementar la biomasa a\u00e9rea de d. Pentaphyllum. La adici\u00f3n del residuo doc fermentado y la inoculaci\u00f3n micorr\u00edcica incrementaron la actividad microbiana del suelo y los porcentajes de agregados estables del mismo. La enmienda tambi\u00e9n increment\u00f3 los niveles de fertilidad.  por \u00faltimo se llev\u00f3 a cabo un experimento de campo para evaluar la influencia de diferentes pr\u00e1cticas agr\u00edcolas durante un periodo de 5 a\u00f1os sobre los par\u00e1metros f\u00edsicos, qu\u00edmicos y biol\u00f3gicos indicadores de la calidad del suelo. Las pr\u00e1cticas agr\u00edcolas incluyeron el uso de un herbicida residual, laboreo, laboreo + avena, acolchado con paja de avena y control (campo abandonado). Los diferentes tratamientos fueron comparados con el suelo adyacente colonizado por vegetaci\u00f3n natural. Como resultados de se puede destacar: el manejo agr\u00edcola inadecuado en un ambiente mediterr\u00e1neo, como el uso de la labranza intensiva y el uso de herbicidas disminuyeron la calidad del suelo afectando a la estructura de \u00e9ste y provocando altas tasas de erosi\u00f3n. Las pr\u00e1cticas de manejo como la adici\u00f3n de un mantillo de paja, resultaron adecuadas ya que contribuyeron a un aumento de los carbohidratos totales y solubles en agua, prote\u00ednas del suelo relacionadas con la glomalina, carbono org\u00e1nico total y estabilidad de los agregados, dando como resultado una reducci\u00f3n o incluso eliminaci\u00f3n de las p\u00e9rdidas de suelo y agua.    abstract in semiarid areas such as the southeastern spanish, the progressive degradation suffered by soils affects vegetation that supports them. Regenerating degraded soil physical properties is required to promote the establishment of vegetation, thus slowing erosion and leaching of contaminants. The aim of this thesis was to investigate and quantify the effect of various human actions (revegetation practices with bushy using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and land application of organic presenting amendments and agricultural management practices) on the structure and soil quality. For this purpose four trials were carried out, two in and two controlled conditions in field conditions.  \tin the first experiment under controlled conditions the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (ma) (glomus intraradices schenck and smith) or with a mixture of three amf (g. Intraradices, g. Deserticola (trappe, bloss were studied. And menge) and g. Mosseae (nicol and gerd) gerd and trappe, and the addition of two residues.. Composted sewage sludge and residue treated with dry alperujo aspergillus niger (doc) on the stabilization of aggregates . The rhizosphere of juniperus oxycedrus, and the influence of structural improvements made on the establishment of plants the following results were obtained: both the addition of organic amendments such as mycorrhizal inoculation treatments significantly increased aboveground biomass was mycorrhizal inoculation. The most effective treatment was the increase of the biomass of plants, no significant differences between the two treatments mycorrhization. The inoculation with the mixture of three amf and the combination of g. Intraradices with both organic amendments significantly improved structural stability soil. Values of carbon and soluble carbohydrates, increased only by adding composted sewage sludge or residue fermented doc. in the second test the effect of soil drying-rewet was studied inoculation with a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi allochthonous (ma) (glomus intraradices schenck &amp; smith, glomus deserticola trappe, bloss. &Amp; menge and glomus mosseae (nicol &amp; gerd) gerd. And trappe) and adding a composting organic waste, on the stabilization of the aggregates in the rhizosphere soil of juniperus oxycedrus. The results obtained were as follows: both the addition of organic amendments such as mycorrhizal inoculation treatments significantly increased biomass. Inoculation with the mixture of three amf and g. Intraradices combination with both organic amendments significantly improve the structural stability of soil. Values of carbon and soluble carbohydrates, increased only by adding composted sewage sludge or residue fermented doc. Under proper irrigation, the highest percentages of stable aggregates were recorded in the amended soil, followed by soil inoculated with amf. The drying caused a significant increase in the stability of soil aggregates in the rhizosphere of all plants, particularly in the amended and inoculated. In all treatments, the aggregates formed after drying were unstable soil as rewetting reached after initial level prior to drying. Rewetting the soil significantly decreased carbon such fractions. the third trial was conducted under field conditions where the effect of a combined treatment involved adding alperujo residue (doc) treated with aspergillus niger in the presence of phosphate rock, more pre-transplant seedling inoculation was evaluated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (ma) glomus intraradices, glomus deserticola or glomus mosseae on the establishment of dorycnium pentaphyllum l., In a semiarid mediterranean area degraded. The results were as follows: the combined treatment with the addition of fermented residue alperujo and inoculation with am fungi, particularly with g. Mosseae, had the greatest effect to increase the biomass of d. Pentaphyllum. Adding the fermented residue doc mycorrhizal inoculation increased soil microbial activity and percentage of stable aggregates thereof. The amendment also increased the levels of fertility. finally, we conducted a field experiment to evaluate the influence of different agricultural practices for a period of five years on the physical parameters, chemical and biological indicators of soil quality. Agricultural practices included the use of a residual herbicide, tillage, + oats, oat straw mulch and control (left field). The different treatments were compared with adjacent land colonized by natural vegetation. As a result of this, it could be highlighted: improper agricultural management in a mediterranean environment, such as using intensive tillage and herbicide use decreased soil quality affecting the structure of it and causing high rates of erosion. Management practices such as adding a mulch of straw were adequate and that contributed to an increase in total and water soluble carbohydrates, proteins related soil glomalin, total organic carbon and aggregate stability, resulting a reduction or even elimination of soil loss and water.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Efecto de las acciones antr\u00f3picas sobre la estabilidad de agregados del suelo en zonas semi\u00e1ridas.<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Efecto de las acciones antr\u00f3picas sobre la estabilidad de agregados del suelo en zonas semi\u00e1ridas. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Manuel Jes\u00fas Campoy Cervellera <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 05\/06\/2015<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Mar\u00eda  Fuensanta Caravaca Ballester<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: felix Moreno lucas <\/li>\n<li>pilar Torres Martinez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Antonio Pascual valero (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>arturo Torrecillas melendreras (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Manuel Jes\u00fas Campoy Cervellera Resumen en zonas semi\u00e1ridas, como la del sudeste espa\u00f1ol, la progresiva degradaci\u00f3n que 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