{"id":117913,"date":"2018-03-11T10:47:38","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/efecto-de-los-flavonoides-sobre-la-funcion-endotelial-en-ratas-con-hipertension-arterial\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:47:38","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:47:38","slug":"efecto-de-los-flavonoides-sobre-la-funcion-endotelial-en-ratas-con-hipertension-arterial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/fisiologia-humana\/efecto-de-los-flavonoides-sobre-la-funcion-endotelial-en-ratas-con-hipertension-arterial\/","title":{"rendered":"Efecto de los flavonoides sobre la funcion endotelial en ratas con hipertension arterial"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Mar\u00eda Dolores Paredes Carreras <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Introducci\u00f3n de acuerdo con las estad\u00edsticas de la organizaci\u00f3n mundial de la salud (oms), las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de muerte en los pa\u00edses desarrollados, siendo la hipertensi\u00f3n arterial (hta) su principal factor de riesgo confirmando, por tanto, que sigue siendo un problema mundial de salud p\u00fablica.  durante las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, se han logrado avances significativos en el tratamiento de la hipertensi\u00f3n mediante el uso de inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina (sraa), ya sea con inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (iecas), antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina ii de tipo 1 (ara ii), diur\u00e9ticos, betabloqueantes o bloqueantes de los canales de calcio.  un n\u00famero creciente de estudios epidemiol\u00f3gicos observacionales han examinado la asociaci\u00f3n entre la ingesta de alimentos ricos en polifenoles y flavonoides,  con el desarrollo y evoluci\u00f3n de ciertas enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas. En general, la evidencia epidemiol\u00f3gica muestra que una mayor ingesta de flavonoides se asocia con un menor riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares. el creciente inter\u00e9s en la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones farmacol\u00f3gicas eficaces y carentes de efectos secundarios significativos, y su potencial papel en la regulaci\u00f3n de la funci\u00f3n cardiovascular, ha supuesto en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os un incremento en los estudios de aplicaci\u00f3n de estos compuestos, incidiendo en la necesidad de establecer asimismo sus v\u00edas y mecanismos de actuaci\u00f3n, tanto molecular como fisiol\u00f3gicamente. objetivos el objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido evaluar el efecto de distintos grupos de flavonoides en el tratamiento de la hta experimental. Adem\u00e1s, se han estudiado algunos de los mecanismos potencialmente responsables de este efecto, intentando, al mismo tiempo, establecer una relaci\u00f3n estructura-actividad para los diferentes flavonoides estudiados.  metodolog\u00eda se realiz\u00f3 un estudio metab\u00f3lico de 24 horas para medir la diuresis, natriuresis y balance de sodio y obtener muestras de orina. Posteriormente, se realizaron medidas de la presi\u00f3n arterial media (pam), se obtuvieron muestras de plasma y ri\u00f1\u00f3n, y se aisl\u00f3 la aorta tor\u00e1cica para evaluar la respuesta a acetilcolina (ach) dependiente de endotelio.  para estimar los niveles de \u00f3xido n\u00edtrico (no), se determin\u00f3 la excreci\u00f3n urinaria de nitritos y, como biomarcador del estr\u00e9s oxidativo, se midieron las sustancias reactivas al \u00e1cido tiobarbit\u00farico (tbars) en ri\u00f1\u00f3n, orina y plasma. para ello, se han utilizado dos modelos de hta experimental:  a)\thipertensi\u00f3n arterial por d\u00e9ficit de \u00f3xido n\u00edtrico o modelo de hipertensi\u00f3n l-name b)\thipertensi\u00f3n arterial espont\u00e1nea (shr)  resultados los ensayos y experimentos de este trabajo, muestran que los extractos de flavonoides empleados, reducen significativamente la presi\u00f3n arterial media (pam) y mejoran la mayor\u00eda de los par\u00e1metros fisiol\u00f3gicos estudiados, siendo sus estructuras esenciales para esta mejora. conclusiones resulta evidente, que existe una relaci\u00f3n directa entre la estructura molecular de estos flavonoides y su actividad biol\u00f3gica espec\u00edfica en cada uno de los par\u00e1metros evaluados en la presente memoria.    palabras clave: hipertensi\u00f3n arterial (hta); inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ieca); \u00f3xido n\u00edtrico (no); relajaci\u00f3n dependiente de endotelio; reactividad vascular; estr\u00e9s oxidativo (eo); n?-Nitro-l-arginina metil \u00e9ster (l-name); rata espont\u00e1neamente hipertensa (shr); presi\u00f3n arterial (pa); flavonoides.    introduction according to statistics from the world health organization (who), cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in developed countries, the arterial hypertension (hta) is the main risk factor confirming therefore, remains a global public health problem. during the last decades, significant progress in the treatment of hypertension has been made through the use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system; with either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor type 1 blockers, diuretics, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers.  a growing number of observational epidemiological studies have examined the association between the intake of foods rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, with the development and evolution of certain chronic diseases. Overall, the epidemiological evidence generally shows that a higher flavonoid intake is associated with lower cardiovascular disease. the increasing interest in the search for effective and safe pharmacological solutions lacking of significant side effects and potential role in the regulation of cardiovascular function, has lead in recent years to an increase in the studies of these compounds, stressing the need to further establish their pathways and mechanisms of action, both molecular and physiologically. objectives the main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of different groups of flavonoids in the treatment of experimental hypertension. In addition, we have studied some potential mechanisms responsible for this effect, trying at the same time, establish a structure-activity relationship for the different flavonoids studied.  methodology a metabolic study of 24 hours was performed to measure the diuresis, natriuresis and sodium balance and obtain urine samples. Then, we measured mean arterial pressure (map), heart, kidney and plasma samples were obtained by isolating the thoracic aorta to evaluate the response to acetylcholine (ach) endothelium dependent.   to estimate the levels of nitric oxide (no), nitrite urinary excretion was determined and as a biomarker of oxidative stress, we measured the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) in kidney, urine and plasma. we used two experimental models of experimental hypertension:  a)\tn (g)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name) induced hypertension rats b)\tspontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) results tests and experiments of this work show that the flavonoid extracts used, significantly reduce mean arterial pressure (pam) and improve most physiological parameters studied being their structures critical for this improvement. conclusions it seems evident, as main conclusion, that there is a direct relationship between the molecular structure of these flavonoids and their specific biological activity in each of the parameters evaluated herein.  key words: arterial hypertension (hta); inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (ieca); nitric oxide (no);  endothelium-dependent relaxation; vascular reactivity; oxidative stress; n?-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name); spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr); blood pressure (bp); flavonoids.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Efecto de los flavonoides sobre la funcion endotelial en ratas con hipertension arterial<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Efecto de los flavonoides sobre la funcion endotelial en ratas con hipertension arterial <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Mar\u00eda Dolores Paredes Carreras <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Murcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 17\/07\/2015<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>esta\u00f1 Lopez Garcia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: Jos\u00e9 f\u00e9lix Vargas palomares <\/li>\n<li>Juan  Manuel Duarte p\u00e9rez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>  (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>  (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Mar\u00eda Dolores Paredes Carreras Introducci\u00f3n de acuerdo con las estad\u00edsticas de la organizaci\u00f3n mundial de la salud [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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