{"id":54794,"date":"2018-03-09T22:42:31","date_gmt":"2018-03-09T22:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/cynara-cardunculus-as-an-alternative-crop-for-biodiesel-production\/"},"modified":"2018-03-09T22:42:31","modified_gmt":"2018-03-09T22:42:31","slug":"cynara-cardunculus-as-an-alternative-crop-for-biodiesel-production","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/ingenieria-y-tecnologia-quimicas\/cynara-cardunculus-as-an-alternative-crop-for-biodiesel-production\/","title":{"rendered":"Cynara cardunculus as an alternative crop for biodiesel production"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Cecilia Pasqualino Jorge lina <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>El biodiesel es un combustible de origen renovable que se obtiene a partir de aceites vegetales y grasas animales y posee propiedades similares a las del gasoil. El biodiesel se obtiene mediante la transesterificaci\u00f3n de los triglic\u00e9ridos con un alcohol de cadena corta, en presencia de un catalizador, obteniendo biodiesel y glicerol en dos fases l\u00edquidas separadas. los aceites m\u00e1s utilizados en la producci\u00f3n de biodiesel son los de soja, colza, girasol y palma, aunque existen alternativas como los aceites de fritura reciclados, las grasas animales y algunos cultivos no convencionales.  en este trabajo se utiliz\u00f3 el aceite de cynara cardunculus para producir biodiesel. Cynara cardunculus es un cardo silvestre de la familia de la alcachofa, que se encuentra adaptado al clima mediterr\u00e1neo. Su producci\u00f3n m\u00e1xima alcanza las 2 toneladas de semilla por hect\u00e1rea al a\u00f1o, que contienen hasta un 25 % de aceite, con una composici\u00f3n similar al aceite de girasol. de este modo, el cynara cardunculus puede representar un cultivo alternativo para la producci\u00f3n de biodiesel, pudi\u00e9ndose cultivar en tierras abandonadas.En la primera parte del trabajo se optimizaron las condiciones de reacci\u00f3n para la  transesterificaci\u00f3n de aceite de cynara cardunculus sin refinar y se caracteriz\u00f3 el producto obtenido. El \u00edndice de acidez del aceite original (11.8 mgkoh\/g) fue mayor al recomendado para la transesterificaci\u00f3n alcalina (1-2 mgkoh\/g), resultando en la formaci\u00f3n de gel y jab\u00f3n. En algunos casos no se produjo una separaci\u00f3n clara de las fases de \u00e9steres y glicerol, reflejando la necesidad de una etapa de preesterificaci\u00f3n para reducir el \u00edndice de acidez. La etapa de preesterificaci\u00f3n fue optimizada utilizando diferentes temperaturas, concentraciones de metanol y catalizador, y tiempos finales de reacci\u00f3n. Las mejores condiciones de operaci\u00f3n se obtuvieron para la reacci\u00f3n realizada a 60\u00c2\u00bac,  utilizando metanol en una relaci\u00f3n molar d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Cynara cardunculus as an alternative crop for biodiesel production<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Cynara cardunculus as an alternative crop for biodiesel production <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Cecilia Pasqualino Jorge lina <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Rovira i virgili<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 28\/09\/2006<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Joan Salvad\u00f3 Rovira<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: Manuel Bao iglesias <\/li>\n<li> Reina lozano  Jos\u00e9 Antonio (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>domingo Cantero moreno (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>paloma Manzanares secades (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Cecilia Pasqualino Jorge lina El biodiesel es un combustible de origen renovable que se obtiene a partir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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