{"id":66716,"date":"2018-03-09T22:55:04","date_gmt":"2018-03-09T22:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/allosteric-interactions-at-the-m3-muscarinic-acetylcholine-receptor\/"},"modified":"2018-03-09T22:55:04","modified_gmt":"2018-03-09T22:55:04","slug":"allosteric-interactions-at-the-m3-muscarinic-acetylcholine-receptor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/bioquimica-molecular\/allosteric-interactions-at-the-m3-muscarinic-acetylcholine-receptor\/","title":{"rendered":"Allosteric interactions at the m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Laura Iarriccio Silva <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The extracellular loops of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are predicted to play a role in the binding and regulation of allosteric modulators. Furthermore, the sequence of the five subtypes of muscarinic receptors shows a large degree of diversity in this region.  m3 receptor mutants, k523e, d518k and n132g, in which the substituted residues were those corresponding to the m1 subtype,  were studied. As the amino acids in positions 518 and 523  are charged, the uncharged mutants, k523q and d518n, were also created in order to observe any possible effect of charge. One question examined is whether these mutations changed the binding of orthosteric and allosteric ligands, generating a m1 receptor phenotype.    radioligand binding experiments revealed that one mutant, k523e, had a profound potentiating effect on the binding of prototypical modulators like gallamine, strychnine, brucine and n-chloromethylbrucine, but had minimal effects on the binding of a number of orthosteric ligands, including [ 3 h]n-methylscopolamine ([ 3 h]nms) and acetylcholine (ach). The increase in affinity was found at both the unoccupied and [ 3 h]nms-occupied receptors, with up to 70 fold increases in affinity being observed. Switches from negative to positive cooperativity for some strychnine-related compounds were found.     at k523e, the affinities of the strychnine-related ligands were also increased up to 160 fold at the receptor-ach complex, with up to  35 fold positive cooperativity being observed. Positive cooperativity of this magnitude is the highest that has been reported for m3 receptors.     the dramatic changes in cooperativities and affinities of allosteric ligands at k523e did not result in generation of the m1 phenotype.  the k523q data suggest that the large changes in k523e result from the introduction of the negatively charged glutamate residue  and not the loss of the positively charged lysine. The effect of k523e seems to be solely on the binding of allosteric ligands and the transmission of the effects of their binding to the orthosteric site.    for the ligands acting at the gallamine site, all the effects of the allosteric modulators on ach binding have been reproduced  in functional studies, indicating that the allosteric modulation, seen in binding, is transmitted to the cellular response. A novel and  unexpected finding is that win62,577 is an allosteric agonist at m3 muscarinic receptors and at k523e and n132g. The study also  revealed that nanomolar concentrations of ach may be present in assays of muscarinic receptor function and may give misleading  interpretations of data. These artefacts were removed by preincubation with acetylcholinesterase, a control not previously used in functional studies of muscarinic receptors.     the sensitivity of the binding of both orthosteric and allosteric ligands to the composition of the binding assay buffer has also been investigated in detail. In a phosphate buffer of low ionic strength (pb) the affinity constants of all the compounds studied, both orthosteric and allosteric, were increased, relative to a hepes buffer of higher ionic strength, except for win 62,577, an allosteric ligand which binds to a different allosteric site from the prototypical modulators, and svt-40776 a new m3 selective antagonist,  indicating their different modes of binding. Cooperativities have also been switched from negative to positive by changing buffer.     the two factors affecting the allosteric binding parameters of m3 receptors, pb and the mutation k523e, mutually potentiate each  others effects. We have been able to obtain up to10,000 fold changes in the affinity at the unoccupied receptor and 6400 fold increases in affinity at the ach occupied receptor.     the possible location of k523, relative to other residues on the external loops of muscarinic receptors shown to be important for the  binding of allosteric ligands, has been explored using different models based on the  x-ray structures of rhodopsin and the  \u00edY2 adrenergic receptor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Allosteric interactions at the m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Allosteric interactions at the m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Laura Iarriccio Silva <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Polit\u00e9cnica de catalunya<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 29\/07\/2008<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Pere Garriga Sol\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: mark Wheatley <\/li>\n<li>dolors Balsa l\u00f3pez (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Pav\u00eda molina (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>\u00e1ngel Pazos carro (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Laura Iarriccio Silva The extracellular loops of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are predicted to play a role in 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