{"id":78079,"date":"2018-03-09T23:23:41","date_gmt":"2018-03-09T23:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/interacciones-entre-actividades-fa%c2%adsicas-y-dietas-hipocaloricas-en-la-perdida-de-peso\/"},"modified":"2018-03-09T23:23:41","modified_gmt":"2018-03-09T23:23:41","slug":"interacciones-entre-actividades-fa%c2%adsicas-y-dietas-hipocaloricas-en-la-perdida-de-peso","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/metabolismo-energetico\/interacciones-entre-actividades-fa%c2%adsicas-y-dietas-hipocaloricas-en-la-perdida-de-peso\/","title":{"rendered":"Interacciones entre actividades f\u00edsicas y dietas hipocal\u00f3ricas en la p\u00e9rdida de peso"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Constanza Matilde Lopez Fontana <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Titulo: interacciones entre actividades f\u00edsicas y dietas hipocaloricas en la perdida de peso. resumen: interacciones entre actividad f\u00edsica y dietas hipocal\u00f3ricas en la p\u00e9rdida de peso%&#038;\/%&#038;\/introducci\u00f3n. H\u00e1bitos alimentarios inadecuados y el sedentarismo son importantes factores predisponentes a la obesidad. La actividad f\u00edsica (af) se asocia a un menor riesgo de ciertas patolog\u00edas tales como enfermedades cardiovasculares, c\u00e1ncer, etc. Y una estimaci\u00f3n precisa de la af es crucial para determinar sus potenciales beneficios sobre la salud. En este sentido, los objetivos del presente trabajo han sido describir una poblaci\u00f3n obesa de sexo femenino seg\u00fan su af y tipo de alimentaci\u00f3n, analizar las posibles interacciones entre  el nivel de af habitual y la distribuci\u00f3n de macronutrientes  de dos dietas hipocal\u00f3ricas  sobre la composici\u00f3n corporal de mujeres obesas, observar la influencia de la p\u00e9rdida de peso y el ejercicio habitual sobre la presi\u00f3n arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca en la misma poblaci\u00f3n, y comparar dos m\u00e9todos de valoraci\u00f3n de actividad f\u00edsica: cuestionario autodefinido de actividad f\u00edsica y aceler\u00f3metro triaxial. material y m\u00e9todos: 40 mujeres obesas sanas entre 20 y 50 a\u00f1os fueron seleccionadas para el estudio, el cual consisti\u00f3   en una entrevista nutricional previa al estudio donde se realiz\u00f3 una historia diet\u00e9tica; un d\u00eda de ensayo experimental al inicio y al final con estimaci\u00f3n de la tasa metab\u00f3lica basa!, Presi\u00f3n arterial, frecuencia cardiaca y composici\u00f3n corporal; una intervenci\u00f3n nutricional durante 10 semanas con una dieta hipocal\u00f3rica dise\u00f1ada para perder peso; seguimiento nutricional durante la restricci\u00f3n cal\u00f3rica y una valoraci\u00f3n de la actividad f\u00edsica mediante un aceler\u00f3metro triaxial y un cuestionario autodefinido de af.  resultados. Las voluntarias presentaron inicialmente una media de imc de 37,2 kg\/m2 y un porcentaje de grasa corporal de 43,3%. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las variables antropom\u00e9tricas y metab\u00f3licas entre los dos grupos con dietas hipocal\u00f3ricas tras la intervenci\u00f3n, sin embargo, se observ\u00f3 una correlaci\u00f3n directa entre el \u00edndice de sedentarismo y el cambio en el \u00e1rea muscular del brazo (inicial-final) despu\u00e9s de las 10 semanas de seguimiento (p=0.021). Adem\u00e1s, una asociaci\u00f3n inversa entre la actividad f\u00edsica total y la diferencia en el \u00e1rea muscular del brazo (inicial -final) fue demostrada (p=0.024). Las voluntarias con un \u00edndice de sedentarismo por encima de la mediana y con dieta rica en hidratos de carbono (cho), al igual que aquellas con m\u00e1s actividad f\u00edsica y con menor consumo de cho, mostraron una mayor p\u00e9rdida de grasa corporal. El peso se correlacion\u00f3 positivamente con la frecuencia cardiaca (fc) inicial (p<0,05) y las participantes m\u00e1s activas mostraron una mayor disminuci\u00f3n de la fc y de la presi\u00f3n arterial diast\u00f3lica tras la intervenci\u00f3n nutricional. Finalmente, la actividad f\u00edsica recreacional obtenida a trav\u00e9s del cuestionario se correlacion\u00f3 con las kcal\/d\u00eda aportadas del aceler\u00f3metro (r= 0.507). La correlaci\u00f3n entre el \u00edndice de sedentarismo y af obtenidos del cuestionario y la estimaci\u00f3n directa de af fue de -0.578. Solo el 2.5% de las participantes fue mal clasificada por el cuestionario. conclusiones. Los resultados se\u00f1alan que tanto la actividad f\u00edsica como el contenido de hidratos de carbono y grasa de dietas hipocal\u00f3ricas dise\u00f1adas para promover la perdida de grasa corporal deber\u00edan ser consideradas conjuntamente para obtener mejores resultados y reducir los riesgos cardiovasculares asociados a la obesidad. Los valores obtenidos de la correlaci\u00f3n entre los dos m\u00e9todos de valoraci\u00f3n de af y el bajo porcentaje de clasificaci\u00f3n err\u00f3nea sugieren la validez del cuestionario para estimar af en poblaciones de habla hispana. Mteraction between physical activity and hypocaloric diets on weight loss introduction.  Inadequate dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be important factors in predisposing people to obesity. Physical activity (pa) has been associated with lower risk of many diseases such as heart disease, cancer, etc. And an accurate measurement of pa is crucial to determine its potential benefits on health. The aims of this study were to describe a sample of spanish obese women according to their pa and food intake, analyze the possible interaction between the level of habitual physical activity and the macronutrient distribution of two hypocaloric diets on body composition changes among obese women, observe the influences of weight loss and pa on blood pressure and heart rate (hr) in the same sample, and compare two methods to estimate pa: a self-administered questionnaire and a triaxial accelerometer as the gold standard.  material and methods. A sample of 40 healthy obese women from 20 to 50 years-old was selected for the study. The participants were randomly assigned to a high or low carbohydrate hypocaloric diet during 10 weeks. The analyses included a nutritional interview where two dietary questionnaires were completed, a baseline and final el initial assessment estimating the bmr, heart rate, blood pressure and body composition changes. Physical activity was measured with a triaxial accelerometer and a physical activity questionnaire.  results. Volunteers presented an initial mean bmi of 37.2 kg\/m2 and a mean percentage of body fat mass of 43,3%. There were no significant differences in the anthropometric and metabolic variables between the two dietary groups after the dietary intervention. However, there was a direct correlation between the sedentary \u00edndex and muscular arm area loss (initial-final) after ten weeks follow-up (p=0.021). Also, an inverse correlation between total physical activity and the muscular arm area difference (initial-final) was demonstrated (p=0.024). The subjects with a sedentary index above the median and with a high carbohydrate (cho) diet as well as those with more physical activity and less cho intake showed major fat losses. The baseline weight was directly correlated with the initial hr (p<0.05) and the participants with more pa showed a larger reduction of the hr and the diastolic blood pressure with the diet intervention. Finally, pa during leisure time derived from the questionnaire correlated with the kcal\/day assessed through the accelerometer (r: 0,507). The correlation between the ratio of sedentary lifestyle to pa obtained through the questionnaire and the direct estimation was -0,578. Only 2,5% of the participants were misclassified by the questionnaire. conclusion.  These results point out that physical activity as well as the carbohydrate and fat content of energy-restricted diets when designed to promote body fat mass reduction should be considered conjointly to obtain better outcomes and reduce cardiovascular risks associated to obesity. The values obtained from the correlation between the two estimations of pa and the low percentage of misclassification suggests the validity of the questionnaire to asses pa in spanish speaking populations.\n\n\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Interacciones entre actividades f\u00edsicas y dietas hipocal\u00f3ricas en la p\u00e9rdida de peso<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Interacciones entre actividades f\u00edsicas y dietas hipocal\u00f3ricas en la p\u00e9rdida de peso <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Constanza Matilde Lopez Fontana <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Navarra<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 20\/12\/2005<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Alfredo Martinez Hernandez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: iciar Astiasaran anchiza <\/li>\n<li>mari carmen Lopez sabater (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Luis Moreno aznar (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>rosa m. Ortega anta (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Constanza Matilde Lopez Fontana Titulo: interacciones entre actividades f\u00edsicas y dietas hipocaloricas en la perdida de peso. 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