{"id":92541,"date":"2018-03-11T10:11:33","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:11:33","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:11:33","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:11:33","slug":"caracterizacion-geometrica-ecofisiologa%c2%ada-y-evaluacion-de-la-respuesta-agronomica-de-sistemas-continuos-de-vegetacion-libre-sprawl-aplicados-para-atenuar-la-sobreexposicion-de-hojas-y-racimos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/ciencias-agrarias\/caracterizacion-geometrica-ecofisiologa%c2%ada-y-evaluacion-de-la-respuesta-agronomica-de-sistemas-continuos-de-vegetacion-libre-sprawl-aplicados-para-atenuar-la-sobreexposicion-de-hojas-y-racimos\/","title":{"rendered":"Caracterizaci\u00f3n geom\u00e9trica, ecofisiolog\u00eda y evaluaci\u00f3n de la respuesta agron\u00f3mica de sistemas continuos de vegetaci\u00f3n libre (sprawl) aplicados para atenuar la sobreexposici\u00f3n de hojas y racimos en vi\u00f1edos de zonas c\u00e1lidas"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Mario De La Fuente Lloreda <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Abstract  the main objective of study in the present thesis is to evaluate the impact of free-opened geometrics and no positioned (sprawl) versus the vertical, closed and positioned geometrics (vsp) into physiological   relations of the plant (photosynthesis, stomatic conductance and transpiration) and bunch microclimate without forgetting the agronomic response that this produce in comparing different trellis system and different crop loads.  the experimental trial has been developed for three years (2005, 2006 y 2007) in an experimental fields in toledo (castilla la mancha), in a fine clay-sand soil and mediterranean dry and warn climate. The cultivar is syrah grafted on 110r, and a row-spacing of 2, 7 x 1,2 m and rows running no-se (+8.3\u00c2\u00ba to westwards). The irrigation system is made by drops with 3 l\/h caudal type emisors and located at the same distance to the plants in row.   the trial consists of three treatments distributed in four replicates randomly into four blocks, and the plot includes twenty control plants separates by border plants. The three treatments to study, so as to evaluate the effect of crop load as well as the trellis-training system used are:  e1: espalier (vsp) with crop load 12 shoot \/ml. s1: sprawl with crop load 12 shoot \/ml. s2: sprawl  with crop load 18 shoot \/ml. (50% of load more than t1 y t2).  the prunning system is short type as with two buds spur-prunned in a bilateral cordon royat. The sprawl system has two vegetation wires at 40 cm. To the main formation cordon and opened about 60 cm. The vertical shoot positioned system (vsp)  has two vegetation wires at 30 cm. To the main formation cordon and a final hedge wire at 1,5 m. To the same cordon.  for that, several geometrical characterization measures, physiological and hydric responses or yield components and grape composition have been made. In this document all of them have been structured in pats of chapters.  in geometrical characterization chapter, we will calculate vegetation index (lai, sa, lln) and we will evaluate the spatial collocation parts of canopy (point quadrat method) as well as the vegetal porosity, vegetation density and shaded area soil percent.  the hydric relationships and ecophysiology of plant are included in the second chapter and this part, we will describe in detail the soil water content and consume by the plant, matritial potential (tensiometry) as well as water volume consumed along the cycle (capacitance probe). Besides it will include the hydrical response of the plant (leaf water daily potential and vegetative cycle too) and physiological responses and the efficiency relationships in the used water. Similarly, about part of the plant microclimate, we will include canopy radiation balance daily and light and temperature bunch microclimate daily study.  lastly, in the third chapter, we will evaluate the quantitative responses of the plant to this modifications (crop yield, dry matter produced, ravaz index, shoot weight and length, grape weight and vegetative prunnig weight) as well as the qualitative responses in the grape (polyphenolic index, total and extracts anthocyans, total soluble solids, ph, acidity).  the final results show than the effect which has the geometry (surface real area distribution and the colocation of vine elements, porosity, transpiration and conductance) an the crop load (diference among total leaf surface area, vegetation density, eficiency and radiation, hydric state, net photosynthesis, ) about the vine darkness, radiation interception and the use of the natural resources. Also, it\u00c2\u00bfs showed in the quality and grape composition without the load increase has any negative effect into the analitic maturity parameters (\u00c2\u00babrix, acidity, ph, polyphenolic and anthocyans) ever while the distribution and the exposure of leaf and bunch are adecuated to terroir conditions.   resumen  el objetivo principal de estudio en la presente tesis es evaluar el impacto de geometr\u00edas abiertas, libres y no posicionadas (sprawl), frente a las verticales, cerradas y posicionadas (vsp) en las relaciones fisiol\u00f3gicas de la planta (fotos\u00edntesis, conductancia estom\u00e1tica, transpiraci\u00f3n) y en el microclima del racimo, sin obviar la respuesta agron\u00f3mica que esto produce al comparar distintos sistemas de conducci\u00f3n y distintas cargas.  el ensayo experimental se ha desarrollado durante tres a\u00f1os (2005, 2006 y 2007) en una parcela experimental dentro de la provincia de toledo (castilla la mancha), en suelo arcillo-arenoso fino y clima mediterr\u00e1neo c\u00e1lido y seco. La variedad es syrah injertada sobre 110r, con un marco de plantaci\u00f3n de 2,7m. X 1,2m. La orientaci\u00f3n de las l\u00edneas de cultivo es no-se (+8.3\u00c2\u00ba hacia el oeste). El riego se realiza por goteo, con emisores de 3 l\/h de caudal y situados a la misma distancia que las plantas dentro de la l\u00ednea.  el ensayo consta de tres tratamientos distribuidos en  cuatro bloques al azar y cada parcela experimental consta de veinte plantas de control  separadas por filas y cepas borde.  los tres tratamientos a estudiar, a fin de poder evaluar tanto el efecto de la carga como del sistema de conducci\u00f3n empleado, son:  e1: espaldera (vsp) con una carga de 12 p\u00e1mpanos\/ml. s1: sprawl con una carga de 12 p\u00e1mpanos\/ml. s2: sprawl  con una carga de 18 p\u00e1mpanos\/ml. (50% m\u00e1s de carga que t1 y t2).  la poda es corta con pulgares a dos yemas en cord\u00f3n royat bilateral a 1,40 m. Del suelo. El sprawl tiene un par de hilos de vegetaci\u00f3n a 40 cm. Del portor y con una abertura de 60 cm. La espaldera presenta un par de hilos de vegetaci\u00f3n a 30 cm. Del portor y un hilo superior a 1,5m. Del mismo.  para ello se han realizado diversas medidas de caracterizaci\u00f3n geom\u00e9trica, respuesta fisiol\u00f3gica e h\u00eddrica o componentes del rendimiento y composici\u00f3n de la baya, que en la redacci\u00f3n de este documento se han estructurado en bloques \u00f3 cap\u00edtulos.   en el bloque de caracterizaci\u00f3n geom\u00e9trica se calcular\u00e1n \u00edndices de vegetaci\u00f3n (lai, sa, n\u00famero de capas de hojas \u00f3 lln), y se evaluar\u00e1n tanto la colocaci\u00f3n espacial de los \u00f3rganos a\u00e9reos de la planta (m\u00e9todo del point quadrat), como la porosidad vegetal,  densidad de vegetaci\u00f3n y porcentaje de suelo sombreado.  las relaciones h\u00eddricas y ecofisiolog\u00eda de la planta, quedan englobadas en el segundo bloque y en \u00e9l se detallar\u00e1n contenido y consumo del agua del suelo, tanto potencial matricial (tensiometr\u00eda) como volumen de agua consumido a lo largo del ciclo (sonda de capacitancia). Adem\u00e1s, incluir\u00e1 la respuesta h\u00eddrica de la planta (potencial h\u00eddrico foliar a lo largo del d\u00eda y del ciclo vegetativo) y fisiol\u00f3gica (fotos\u00edntesis, conductancia estom\u00e1tica, transpiraci\u00f3n), y las relaciones de eficiencia en el uso del agua. As\u00ed mismo, en el apartado de microclima de la planta, se incluir\u00e1n balances de radiaci\u00f3n diarios y estudios de microclima luminoso y t\u00e9rmico de los racimos diarios.  por \u00faltimo, en el bloque tercero se evaluar\u00e1 tanto la respuesta cuantitativa de la planta a estas modificaciones (rendimiento de cosecha, materia seca producida, \u00edndice de ravaz, peso medio de sarmiento, peso medio de la baya, longitud del p\u00e1mpano, peso de madera de poda) como la respuesta cualitativa en la baya (\u00edndice de polifenoles, antocianos totales y extra\u00edbles, s\u00f3lidos solubles totales, ph, acidez total).  los resultados finales demuestran el efecto sobre el sombreamiento de la cepa, intercepci\u00f3n de radiaci\u00f3n y aprovechamiento de recursos naturales, que tienen la geometr\u00eda (la disposici\u00f3n de la superficie foliar expuesta real y el posicionamiento de los elementos de la cepa, porosidad, transpiraci\u00f3n y conductancia) y la carga (diferencias en la superficie foliar total, densidad de vegetaci\u00f3n, eficiencia y radiaci\u00f3n, estado h\u00eddrico, fotos\u00edntesis neta). Tambi\u00e9n, como esto se refleja en la composici\u00f3n y calidad de la baya sin que el aumento de carga empeore los par\u00e1metros anal\u00edticos de maduraci\u00f3n (\u00c2\u00babrix, acidez, ph, polifenoles y antocianos) siempre y cuando, la distribuci\u00f3n  y exposici\u00f3n de hojas y racimos y el microclima de la cepa, sean adecuados a las condiciones del medio.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Caracterizaci\u00f3n geom\u00e9trica, ecofisiolog\u00eda y evaluaci\u00f3n de la respuesta agron\u00f3mica de sistemas continuos de vegetaci\u00f3n libre (sprawl) aplicados para atenuar la sobreexposici\u00f3n de hojas y racimos en vi\u00f1edos de zonas c\u00e1lidas<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Caracterizaci\u00f3n geom\u00e9trica, ecofisiolog\u00eda y evaluaci\u00f3n de la respuesta agron\u00f3mica de sistemas continuos de vegetaci\u00f3n libre (sprawl) aplicados para atenuar la sobreexposici\u00f3n de hojas y racimos en vi\u00f1edos de zonas c\u00e1lidas <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Mario De La Fuente Lloreda <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 27\/03\/2009<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Lissarrague Garc\u00eda Gutierrez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: pilar Baeza trujillo <\/li>\n<li>diego sebastiano Intrigliolo molina (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Jes\u00fas Yuste bombin (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>Francisco Montero riquelme (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Mario De La Fuente Lloreda Abstract the main objective of study in the present thesis is to 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