{"id":94590,"date":"2018-03-11T10:14:18","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:14:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/nous-dissenys-biomoleculars-en-genosensors-i-immunosensors-per-a-la-seguretat-alimenta-ria\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:14:18","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T10:14:18","slug":"nous-dissenys-biomoleculars-en-genosensors-i-immunosensors-per-a-la-seguretat-alimenta-ria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/quimica\/nous-dissenys-biomoleculars-en-genosensors-i-immunosensors-per-a-la-seguretat-alimenta-ria\/","title":{"rendered":"Nous dissenys biomoleculars en genosensors i immunosensors per a la seguretat aliment\u00c1\u00a0ria"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Ana Isabel Lermo Soria <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Al camp alimentari hi ha una creixent demanda de metodologies anal\u00edtiques que siguin r\u00ed\u00a0pides, selectives i econ\u00ed\u00b2miques, que permetin la detecci\u00f3 de diferents contaminants alimentaris per a garantir la seguretat del producte al llarg de la cadena aliment\u00ed\u00a0ria de producci\u00f3. En aquest context, els biosensors electroqu\u00edmics s\u00c2\u00bfalcen com a candidats ideals com alternativa a la instrumentaci\u00f3 anal\u00edtica convencional per a l\u00c2\u00bfan\u00ed\u00a0lisi fora de l\u00c2\u00bf\u00ed\u00a0mbit del laboratori. en aquesta tesi es van desenvolupar nous dissenys biomoleculars basats en biosensors electroqu\u00edmics per a la seguretat aliment\u00ed\u00a0ria abordant tres aspectes cr\u00edtics dels dispositius biosensors, que convergeixen cap a la simplificaci\u00f3 metodol\u00ed\u00b2gica: la immobilitzaci\u00f3 orientada del biomaterial, la marcaci\u00f3 i la transducci\u00f3 del senyal electroqu\u00edmic. donada l\u00c2\u00bfexperi\u00e9ncia del nostre grup d\u00c2\u00bfinvestigaci\u00f3 en la fabricaci\u00f3 de comp\u00ed\u00b2sits de grafit-epoxi (gec) i els avantatges electroqu\u00edmics demostrats d\u00c2\u00bfaquest material, es van construir nous transductors electroqu\u00edmics basats en comp\u00ed\u00b2sits r\u00edgids per a la immobilitzaci\u00f3 orientada de biomol\u00e9cules per aconseguir la simplificaci\u00f3 metodol\u00ed\u00b2gica en la detecci\u00f3 de dna i immunoesp\u00e9cies. Els nous transductors constru\u00ed\u00afts es van basar en: i) biocomp\u00ed\u00b2sits de grafit-epoxi modificats en volum amb la prote\u00ed\u00afna avidina (av-geb), i ii) comp\u00ed\u00b2sits amb un element magn\u00e9tic integrat (m-gec). Els biocomp\u00ed\u00b2sits d\u00c2\u00bfavidina constitueixen una plataforma universal per a la immobilitzaci\u00f3 directa orientada de material biol\u00ed\u00b2gic biotinilat, mitjan\u00ed\u00a7ant la forta uni\u00f3 avidina-estreptavidina. El propi transductor actua com a reservori de material biol\u00ed\u00b2gic i es pot renovar amb un simple procediment de polit, obtenint una nova superf\u00edcie per cada assaig. Els magneto el\u00e9ctrodes permeten la integraci\u00f3 de part\u00edcules magn\u00e9tiques als procediments biosensors per tal de realitzar les reaccions biol\u00ed\u00b2giques de biorreconeixement en soluci\u00f3, reduint la complexitat de la matriu de les mostres i preconcentrant l\u00c2\u00bfan\u00ed\u00a0lit, obtenint aix\u00ed, una detecci\u00f3 m\u00e9s sensible.  es va dissenyar una nova estrat\u00e9gia de detecci\u00f3 de dna provinent de mostres reals dels bacteris pat\u00ed\u00b2gens salmonella i escherichia coli, mitjan\u00ed\u00a7ant la incorporaci\u00f3 d\u00c2\u00bfencebadors magn\u00e9tics marcats a la mescla de reacci\u00f3 de la pcr. A part d\u00c2\u00bfamplificar la quantitat de dna, es va aconseguir marcar doblement el producte amplificat amb biotina i digoxigenina, per aconseguir la immobilitzaci\u00f3 posterior a part\u00edcules magn\u00e9tiques recobertes d\u00c2\u00bfestreptavidina o av-geb i la uni\u00f3 d\u00c2\u00bfun conjugat enzim\u00ed\u00a0tic per a detectar el producte amplificat. Aix\u00ed es van obtenir uns protocols simples, r\u00ed\u00a0pids i molt sensibles. Aquests protocols van demostrar ser m\u00e9s sensibles en comparaci\u00f3 amb la t\u00e9cnica cl\u00ed\u00a0ssica de pcr quantitativa amb sistema taqman i gels d\u00c2\u00bfelectroforesi. tamb\u00e9 es van obtenir resultats molt prometedors incorporant a la pcr un encebador magn\u00e9tic, encebador unit a part\u00edcules magn\u00e9tiques. Aix\u00ed, es va aconseguir l\u00c2\u00bfamplificaci\u00f3 directa a la superf\u00edcie de les part\u00edcules magn\u00e9tiques, simplificant la metodolog\u00eda. Aquesta estrat\u00e9gia presenta potencial aplicabilitat per a la detecci\u00f3 directa electroqu\u00edmica de productes amplificats al termociclador de la pcr. a l\u00c2\u00bf\u00faltim bloc de la tesi es va desenvolupar una estrat\u00e9gia immunosensora simplificada, en la que l\u00c2\u00bfhapt\u00e9 es va immobilitzar a part\u00edcules magn\u00e9tiques recobertes de grups qu\u00edmics tosil, formant un enlla\u00ed\u00a7 covalent amb la mol\u00e9cula de naturalesa hapt\u00e9nica. Amb aquesta estrat\u00e9gia es va aconseguir quantificar l\u00c2\u00bf\u00ed\u00a0cid f\u00ed\u00b2lic en mostres cegues de llet enriquida, obtenint valors de recuperaci\u00f3 propers al 100%; i quantificar l\u00c2\u00bf\u00ed\u00a0cid f\u00ed\u00b2lic en mostres reals de llet enriquida, obtenint valors molt propers als indicats a la composici\u00f3 dels productes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Nous dissenys biomoleculars en genosensors i immunosensors per a la seguretat aliment\u00c1\u00a0ria<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Nous dissenys biomoleculars en genosensors i immunosensors per a la seguretat aliment\u00c1\u00a0ria <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Ana Isabel Lermo Soria <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Aut\u00f3noma de barcelona<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 29\/06\/2009<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Mar\u00eda Isabel Pividori Gurgo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: jordi Bartroli molins <\/li>\n<li>hideko Yamanaka (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>  (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>  (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Ana Isabel Lermo Soria Al camp alimentari hi ha una creixent demanda de metodologies anal\u00edtiques que siguin 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