{"id":98531,"date":"2010-11-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-11-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/sin-categoria\/apical-ectodermal-ridge-aer-activity-and-limb-outgrowth-during-vertebrate-limb-development\/"},"modified":"2010-11-01T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2010-11-01T00:00:00","slug":"apical-ectodermal-ridge-aer-activity-and-limb-outgrowth-during-vertebrate-limb-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deberes.net\/tesis\/pompeu-fabra\/apical-ectodermal-ridge-aer-activity-and-limb-outgrowth-during-vertebrate-limb-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Apical ectodermal ridge (aer) activity and limb outgrowth during vertebrate limb development"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tesis doctoral de <strong> Ana Raquel Viegas Tom\u00e1s <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Limb outgrowth is controlled by a specialized group of cells called the apical ectodermal ridge (aer), a  thickening of the limb epithelium, at its distal tip. This specialized thickening of ectodermal cells is  responsible for maintaining the underlying mesenchymal cells in an undifferentiated and proliferative state,  and its structure is preserved through a fine-tuned balance between proliferation and apoptosis. This  equilibrium is genetically controlled but little is known about the molecules involved in this process. Several  authors have been shown that both fibroblast growth factor (fgf) and erk pathway activation are crucial for  aer function. Recently, flrt3, a transmembrane protein able to interact with fgf receptors, has been  implicated in the triggering of erk activity by fgfs. In this thesis, we show that flrt3 expression is  restricted to the aer, co-localizing its expression with fgf8 and perk activity. Loss-of-function studies  demonstrate that silencing of flrt3 affects the integrity of the aer and, subsequently, its proper function  during limb bud outgrowth. Our data also indicate that flrt3 expression is not regulated by fgf activity in  the aer, whereas ectopic wnt3a is able to induce flrt3 expression. Overall, our findings confirm flrt3 as a  key player during chicken limb development, being necessary but not sufficient for proper aer formation  and maintenance under the control of bmp and wnt signalling.  during limb bud development, aer structure is maintained through a fine-tuned balance between  proliferation and programmed cell death and this equilibrium is genetically controlled, although little is  known about the molecules involved in that process.  in this thesis we present evidences involving oct4, required to establish and maintain the pluripotent cell  population necessary for embryogenesis in mouse and human, in the control of the proliferative balance  within the aer cells. Overexpression of otc4 in the limb ectoderm disrupts the ratio apoptosis\/proliferation  and, moreover, oct4 expression is under the control of wnt-canonical pathway. We also describe a special  localization and behaviour of proliferating cells in the aer in response to oct4 activity. We, therefore,  describe a role for oct4 as a factor able to maintain a niche of cells that is responsible for the renewal of the  aer.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Datos acad\u00e9micos de la tesis doctoral \u00ab<strong>Apical ectodermal ridge (aer) activity and limb outgrowth during vertebrate limb development<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edtulo de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 Apical ectodermal ridge (aer) activity and limb outgrowth during vertebrate limb development <\/li>\n<li><strong>Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0 Ana Raquel Viegas Tom\u00e1s <\/li>\n<li><strong>Universidad:<\/strong>\u00a0 Pompeu fabra<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fecha de lectura de la tesis:<\/strong>\u00a0 11\/01\/2010<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Direcci\u00f3n y tribunal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Director de la tesis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Joaquin Rodriguez Leon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tribunal<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presidente del tribunal: cristina Pujades corbi <\/li>\n<li>domingos Henrique (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>  (vocal)<\/li>\n<li>  (vocal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesis doctoral de Ana Raquel Viegas Tom\u00e1s Limb outgrowth is controlled by a specialized group of cells called the apical [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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